Chapter 12: Social development

Question 1

attachment

Answer 1

long-lasting emotional bonds that infants develop toward their principal caregiver

Question 2

strange-situation test

Answer 2

test of an infant’s attachment to a particular familiar person, in which the infant’s behaviour is observed in an unfamiliar room while the familiar person and a stranger move in and out of the room in a preplanned way

Question 3

secure attachment

Answer 3

optimal type of attachement in which infants display confidence when their caregivers are present, show mild distress when temporarly left alone, and quickly reestablish contact with caregivers upon their return

Question 4

sensitive care

Answer 4

regular contact comfort
prompt/helpful response to infant’s signals
emotionally syncronous interaction

Question 5

disorganized/disoriented attachement

Answer 5

infants seek to be close to their caregivers in inconsistent ways, often showing patterns typical to secure, avoidant and/or resistand attachement simultaneously

Question 6

emerging adulthood

Answer 6

period of transition fromadolescence to young adulthood (18 to 25 years)

Question 7

gender identity

Answer 7

person’s subjective sense of being male or female

Question 8

insecure-avoidant attachment

Answer 8

infants schow little distress when their caregivers depart temporarly, avoid contact with them when they return, and usually do not show wariness of strangers

Question 9

insecure-resistant attachment

Answer 9

infants stay very close to their caregivers and not to explore much; they become distressed when their caregivers leave them temporarly, but display anger and initial rejection of contact when they return

Question 10

overimitation

Answer 10

copying all actions of a model, even those that are irrelevant to achieving a goal

Question 11

parenting styles

Answer 11

general ways in which parents interact with their children

Question 12

prosocial behaviour

Answer 12

voluntary behaviour intended to benefit other people