Chapter 12 (Romanesque) Flashcards
The Bayeux Tapestry is the conqueror’s version of history. It is a narrative that includes the battle sequences as well as the preparations for war. It is said that this is the most Roman of all Romanesque artworks. Which of the following supports this contention?
…It has often been likened to the frieze from the Arch of Constantine.
The mission of the ____, the earliest crusading knights, was to protect Christians visiting Christian shrines in the Holy Land.
…Knights Templar
The east end of Saint-Étienne at Vignory, which was composed of ____, was innovative.
…an ambulatory and three radiating chapels
Saint-Sernin at Toulouse has been called a “pilgrimage-type” church. Which of the following accounts for this designation?
…It had radiating chapels attached to the transept and ambulatory.
At Pentecost the apostles were called to ____.
…become witnesses of the Gospels to the world
Compound piers are ____.
…piers with attached columns or pilasters
Pilgrims often journeyed to churches to view ____, which were the material remains of holy figures.
…relics
The plan of Saint-Sernin is extremely regular and geometrically precise. It is based on a module seen in earlier church architecture. Which of the following churches is the prototype for this refined and rational structural approach?
…Saint Cyriakus, Gernode
In its three stories in the nave and timber roof, Saint-Étienne at Vignory resembles ____ churches.
…Ottonian
Which church was the burial place of the Holy Roman emperors until the 12th century?
…Speyer Cathedral
____ was the economic system that was gradually replaced by the growth of towns and cities during the Romanesque period.
…Monasticism
Saint Faith at Conques, Saint James at Santiago de Compostela, and Saint-Sernin at Toulouse are all examples of ____ churches.
…pilgrimage
At Saint-Sernin, the ____ served as the module for the proportions of the entire church.
…crossing square
Pilgrims believed that relics could ____.
…heal body and soul
The primary motivation for undertaking a pilgrimage, which was extremely dangerous and could often last a year, was ____.
…to seek salvation or a cure
One of the factors that contributed to the enormous surge in church building during the Romanesque period was the ____.
…thanksgiving experienced at the peaceful conclusion of the first millennium
____ was the artist of one of the earliest sets of Romanesque reliefs at Saint-Sernin.
…Bernardus Gelduinus
The revival of monumental sculpture in the Romanesque period was partially influenced by ____.
…the survival of ancient Roman ruins
The most venerated pilgrimage shrine in the West, outside Rome or Jerusalem, was the ____.
…tomb of Saint James at Santiago de Compostela
The composition and style of Bernardus Gelduinus’s Christ in Majesty at Saint-Sernin was influenced by ____.
…Carolingian or Ottonian metalwork and/or ivories
Although the church of Saint-Étienne at Vignory had some Romanesque features, it retained many elements of Carolingian-Ottonian architecture, including ____.
…a three-story timber roof
Which of the following encouraged the growth of towns and cities?
…An increase in trade
____ is the theft of relics for holy purposes.
…Furta sacra
In contrast to Saint-Étienne at Vignory, the naves of Sant Vicenç and Saint-Philibert are covered by ____.
…stone vaults
The Norman defeat of the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 united all of England and most of France under one rule. The battle leading to this momentous occasion was the topic for the Bayeux Tapestry. Who commissioned this work?
…Bishop Odo
The term Roman-like was adopted to describe the architecture of the Romanesque period because it relied on elements of Roman architecture such as ____.
…groin vaults
In the Romanesque period, church interiors became impressive acoustical settings for church services. Which of the following architectural elements allowed for the excellent acoustics?
…The continuous barrel-vaulted naves
The nave of pilgrimage churches, such as Saint-Sernin at Toulouse and Saint James, were covered by a ____.
…cut-stone barrel vault
The ____ is the covered courtyard in a monastery that expressed the seclusion of the spiritual life and offered a foretaste of paradise.
…cloister
The purpose of tribunes such as those found at Saint James at Santiago de Compostela and Saint-Sernin in Toulouse was ____.
…to house the overflow crowds and to buttress the weight of the vaults
The monks of the ____ order were among the primary patrons of Romanesque sculpture.
…Cluniac
Among those who would be judged favorably in Gislebertus’s Last Judgment are people carrying bags adorned with a shell and a cross. These figures represent ____.
…pilgrims to Jerusalem and Santiago
One of the exceptional features of the interior of Saint-Étienne at Vignory in comparison to other Romanesque churches is ____.
…the presence of decorative carving and sculpture
What purpose did Gislebertus’s image of the Last Judgment on the portal of Saint-Lazare serve?
…It displayed the saint to whom the church was dedicated.