Chapter 12 Respiratory and the skin

Question 1

Define Ventilation

Answer 1

the movement of gasses in and out of the lungs

no exchange of gas occurs

Question 2

Define Respiration

Answer 2

The exchange of gasses in the body

Question 3

Define Conduction zone

Answer 3

the parts of the body that participation in ventilation

Question 4

Define Respiration Zone

Answer 4

the parts of the body that allow for gas exchange

Question 5

What does Hyperventilation lead to?

Answer 5

This leads to respiratory alkalosis, which is the alkalization of the blood (making it more basic)

Question 6

What is Hypoventilation and what does it lead to?

Answer 6

Leads to respiratory acidosis decrease in pH

Question 7

How does thermoregulation occur?

Answer 7

evaporative water loss and counter current exchange in the nasal passage/

Question 8

What is included in the respiratory zone?

Answer 8

the alveolus

Question 9

Define alveoli and the cell types

Answer 9

There are two cell types
Type 1 are the actual cells that allow for gas exchange in the body
Type 2 produce surfactant

Question 10

What cells produce mucus in the respiratory tract

Answer 10

Goblet cells produce the mucus that help with the protection

Question 11

What helps to kill pathogens in the respiratory tract

Answer 11

alveolar macrophages patrol the alveoli and engulf foreign particles

Question 12

What helps the alveoli cells remain in tact?

Answer 12

the surfactant that is produced by type 2 cells. It helps to alleviate the surface tension.

Question 13

What is Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 13

The circulating of air into and out of the lungs to replace the gas in the alveoli.

Question 14

Pleura of the Lungs

Answer 14

The lungs are not connected to the chest wall.
The parietal pleura lines the inside of the chest, the visceral pleura is the lining of the lungs and there is the pleural space.

Question 15

What is the pressure in the lungs?

Answer 15

the pressure inside the lungs are negative, if there is a puncture it will cause the lung to collapse due to a positive pressure being introduced.

Question 16

Tidal Volume

Answer 16

the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with normal breathing

Question 17

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 17

air that is expired after passive resting

Question 18

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 18

air inspired after a relaxed inspiration

Question 19

functional residual capacity

Answer 19

volume of lungs left in lungs

Question 20

inspiratory capacity

Answer 20

max amount of air that can be inhaled

Question 21

residual volume

Answer 21

the amount of air left in after a forced expiration

Question 22

vital capacity

Answer 22

the max amount of air that can be forced out

Question 23

total lung capacity

Answer 23

is the VC + RV

Question 24

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 24

old gas carried from pulmonary artery into lungs , they become oxygenated in the pulmonary capillaries, and move to the pulmonary veins.

Question 25

How do you find the amount of gas dissolved into a liquid.

Answer 25

You used henrys law. Which is [gas]=Pgas xSgas
P=pressure
S=solubility

Question 26

What is the respiratory control center?

Answer 26

Central Chemoreceptors. This is the portion of the brain that monitors the blood levels. It is the medulla that monitors the Pco2 and Ph

Question 27

Peripheral Chemoreceptors

Answer 27

This is located in the aorta and carotid arties that monitor Pco2 po2 and pH

Question 28

What are the three layers of the skin and their functions

Answer 28

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis in respective order top down.
The epidermis is made of squamous epithelial cells that are keratinized and are hydrophobic which allows for waterproofing ability.
The dermis has cells imbedded with blood vessels. contain sudoriferous glands (sweat) sebaceous (oil and hair follicles. and some ceruminous (wax)
The hypodermis is the adipose tissue.