Chapter 12 Quiz Flashcards
which structure predominates in the white matter of the brain?
myelinated axons
neuronal cell bodies
ganglia of the parasympathetic nerves
bundles of dendrites from enteric nervous system
myelinated axons
which part of the neuron transmits an electrical signal to a target cell?
dendrites
soma
cell body
axon
axon
which term describes a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system?
nucleus
ganglion
tract
nerve
nerve
which functional division of the nervous system would be responsible for the physiological changes seen during exercise?
somatic
autonomic
enteric
central
somatic
what type of glial cell provides myelin for the axons in a tract?
oligodendrocyte
astrocyte
schwann cell
satellite cell
schwann cell
Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?
dendrite
soma
axon
synaptic end bulb
soma
which of the following substances is least able to cross the blood-brain barrier?
water
sodium ions
glucose
white blood cells
white blood cells
What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage behind the blood-brain barrier?
microglia
astrocyte
Schwann cell
satellite cell
microglia
what two types of macromolecules are the main components of myelin?
carbohydrates and lipids
proteins and nucleic acids
lipids and proteins
carbohydrates and nucleic acids
lipids and proteins
if a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature sensations, what would a chemoreceptor be sensitive to?
light
sound
molecules
vibration
molecules
which of these locations is where the greatest level of integration is taking place in the example of testing the temperature of the shower?
skeletal muscle
spinal cord
thalamus
cerebral cortex
cerebral cortex
which of the following cavities contains a component of the central nervous system?
abdominal
pelvic
cranial
thoracic
cranial
how long does all the signaling through the sensory pathway, within the central nervous system, and through the motor command pathway take?
1 to 2 minutes
1 to 2 seconds
fraction of second
varies with graded potential
fraction of a second
what is the target of an upper motor neuron?
cerebral cortex
lower motor neuron
skeletal muscle
thalamus
lower motor neuron
what ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of the cell membrane?
sodium
chloride
potassium
phosphate
sodium
voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon reaching what state?
resting potential
threshold
depolarization
overshoot
threshold
what does a ligand-gated channel require in order to open?
increase in concentration of Na+ ions
binding of a neurotransmitter
increase in concentration of K+ ions
depolarization of the membrane
binding of a neurotransmitter
what does a mechanically gated channel respond to?
physical stimulus
chemical stimulus
increase in resistance
decrease in resistance
physical stimulus
which of the following voltages would most likely be measured during the relative refractory period?
+30mV
0mV
- 45mV
- 80mV
-80mV
which of the following is probably going to propagate an action potential fastest?
a thin, unmyelinated axon
a thin, myelinated axon
a thick, unmyelinated axon
a thick, myelinated axon
a thick, myelinated axon
how much of a change in the membrane potential is necessary for the summation of postsynaptic potentials to result in an action potential being generated?
+30mV
+15mV
+10mV
-15mV
+15mV
a channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that causes a negative ion to enter the cell. what type of graded potential is this?
depolarizing
repolarizing
hyperpolarizing
non-polarizing
hyperpolarizing
what neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?
norepinephrine
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
acetylcholine
what type of receptor requires an effector protein to initiate a signal?
biogenic amine
ionotropic receptor
cholinergic system
metabotropic receptor
metabotropic receptor
