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Pakistan Studies > chapter 12 quaid-yahya > Flashcards

chapter 12 quaid-yahya Flashcards

1
Q

Who were the Prime Ministers of Pakistan from 1948 to 1969?

A

K. Nazimuddin, G. Mohammed, Bogra, Iskander Mirza, General Ayub Khan

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2
Q

Define self-rule or swaraj.

A

The act of a country, a part of a country, or a nation choosing its own government and controlling its own activities.

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3
Q

What does ‘Dominion status’ refer to?

A

‘Dominions’ refers to all territories belonging to the Crown, used by the British to describe their colonies.

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4
Q

What is meant by complete independence?

A

The state of being free of the control of some other person, country, or entity.

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5
Q

What is a republic?

A

A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives.

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6
Q

What is a constitution?

A

A fundamental set of rules that define how a country is run, a contract between the people and its government.

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7
Q

What was the role of the Governor General/Viceroy in India?

A

Directly responsible for government in India, resembling the position of a President.

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8
Q

What is the role of the Prime Minister in Pakistan?

A

Main decision taker and leader of all chosen ministers, acting as an executive.

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9
Q

What was introduced with the 1956 constitution?

A

The position of President, who agrees with the PM and signs decisions.

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10
Q

Define democracy.

A

Government of the people, for the people, by the people.

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11
Q

List the types of democracy.

A
  • Parliamentary
  • Presidential
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12
Q

What was the significance of the Objectives Resolution?

A

It was the first step for making the constitution and laid down the basic principles for Pakistan.

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13
Q

When was the Objectives Resolution passed?

A

12th March 1949

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14
Q

What was PRODA?

A

Public Representative Officer’s Disqualification Act aimed to eradicate political evils.

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15
Q

What did the Liaquat-Nehru Pact address?

A

It stopped the free passage of refugees and initiated a visa system between India and Pakistan.

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16
Q

What was a major issue following the partition of India?

A

The refugee issue and the accession of princely states.

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17
Q

Who was the first Governor General of Pakistan?

A

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

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18
Q

What was the outcome of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy?

A

L.A.K survived due to intervention by General Ayub Khan.

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19
Q

What was the significance of the date 23rd March 1956?

A

It marked the adoption of Pakistan’s first constitution.

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20
Q

What was the main criticism of the Objectives Resolution?

A

It was not sufficiently Islamic, according to some Ulamas.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The concept of a state for Muslims is not equal to a _______.

A

Muslim state

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22
Q

True or False: The Constitution of Pakistan was finalized immediately after independence.

A

False

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23
Q

What did East Pakistanis fear regarding representation in the National Assembly?

A

They feared being governed from West Pakistan and wanted a larger share in representation.

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24
Q

What was the outcome of the language issue in East Pakistan?

A

Political unrest due to demands for Bengali to be a national language.

25
Q

Who was Ghulam Mohammed?

A

The third Governor General of Pakistan, who later became involved in politics.

26
Q

What was General Ayub Khan’s role in the military?

A

Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Army before becoming the second President.

27
Q

What does E.p+W.p=y represent?

A

The equation signifies a relationship between East Pakistan (E.p) and West Pakistan (W.p) in a broader context.

28
Q

What was the impact of a deficit budget on the government in power?

A

It left a bad impression on the people due to expenses exceeding income.

29
Q

What was the demand of the Ulamas regarding the Ahmedi sect?

A

They demanded that the constitution should proclaim the Ahmedis to be non-Muslims.

30
Q

Who was M. Zafarullah Khan?

A

He was the Ahmedi Foreign Minister chosen by Jinnah as part of his cabinet.

31
Q

What did Ghulam Mohammed do to Khawaja Nazimuddin under PRODA?

A

He removed Khawaja Nazimuddin, claiming he was incapable of dealing with public pressure and political duties.

32
Q

What financial situation did Pakistan experience in 1950-1952?

A

Pakistan had somewhat a surplus budget, with expenses less than income.

33
Q

What major agricultural export did Pakistan achieve during the Korean War?

A

Pakistan exported raw jute from East Pakistan.

34
Q

What was the role of the Planning Commission in Pakistan’s financial stability?

A

It was involved in introducing financial stability through 5 and 6-year plans.

35
Q

Who was M. Ali Bogra?

A

He was the 3rd Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1953 to 1955.

36
Q

What was Bogra’s relationship with the USA?

A

He was pro-USA and sought to fill the deficit budget with loans or aid from the USA.

37
Q

What were CENTO and SEATO?

A

CENTO was the Central Treaty Organization, and SEATO was the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization.

38
Q

What significant event occurred during the Constitutional Crisis of 1954/55?

A

Bogra forwarded a resolution nullifying PRODA while G.M. was out of the country.

39
Q

What happened when Ghulam Mohammed dissolved the National and Provincial Assemblies?

A

All MNAs or MPAs became common citizens overnight, stripped of their political titles.

40
Q

Who was Iskander Mirza?

A

He was the 4th and last Governor-General of Pakistan and later became the 1st President of Pakistan.

41
Q

What significant infrastructure projects were initiated during Feroze Khan Noon’s tenure?

A

Completion of Karachi Airport and purchase of Gwadar Port from Oman.

42
Q

What type of democracy was established in Pakistan under Iskander Mirza’s government?

A

A parliamentary democracy was established with the first constitution of Pakistan.

43
Q

What was the reason for the proclamation of Martial Law in 1958?

A

Mirza feared a coup from H.S. Suhrawardy and the chaotic nature of the government.

44
Q

What was Ayub Khan’s introduction to governance characterized as?

A

Democracy with discipline, which implied limited freedom.

45
Q

What was the EBDO?

A

Elective Bodies Disqualification Order, which removed accused officers from office for 3-7 years.

46
Q

What was the ‘Day of Revolution’?

A

It refers to the day Ayub Khan took power, celebrated on 27th October 1958.

47
Q

What was the Basic Democrats system?

A

A system of electoral college for electing the President, initiated in 1959.

48
Q

What was significant about the 1962 constitution?

A

It established a presidential democracy, contradicting Jinnah’s vision for a parliamentary democracy.

49
Q

What were some agricultural policies introduced under Ayub Khan?

A

Green revolution, land reforms, and the Indus Basin Treaty of 1960.

50
Q

What was one flaw of Ayub Khan’s industrial policies?

A

Corruption and coercion among Basic Democrats.

51
Q

What was Ayub Khan’s approach to social policies?

A

He revised marriage and divorce laws, introduced family planning, and emphasized primary education.

52
Q

What major event took place in the 1965 elections?

A

Ayub Khan faced vote rigging allegations despite winning the presidency again.

53
Q

What was celebrated on 6th September?

A

Defence Day, commemorating the 1965 war between India and Pakistan.

54
Q

What was the Tashkent Declaration?

A

A peace agreement signed in January 1966 between India and Pakistan facilitated by Russia.

55
Q

Who founded the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP)?

A

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, as a response to Ayub Khan’s regime.

56
Q

What did Ayub Khan do before resigning in October 1969?

A

He handed power back to the military, leading to a second martial law under Yahya Khan.

57
Q

What was the significance of the 1970 elections in Pakistan?

A

They marked the first general elections with universal adult suffrage.

58
Q

How were National Assembly seats distributed between East and West Pakistan?

A

East Pakistan secured 162 seats while West Pakistan obtained 138 seats.

Pakistan Studies (1 decks)

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