chapter 12 quaid-yahya Flashcards
Who were the Prime Ministers of Pakistan from 1948 to 1969?
K. Nazimuddin, G. Mohammed, Bogra, Iskander Mirza, General Ayub Khan
Define self-rule or swaraj.
The act of a country, a part of a country, or a nation choosing its own government and controlling its own activities.
What does ‘Dominion status’ refer to?
‘Dominions’ refers to all territories belonging to the Crown, used by the British to describe their colonies.
What is meant by complete independence?
The state of being free of the control of some other person, country, or entity.
What is a republic?
A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives.
What is a constitution?
A fundamental set of rules that define how a country is run, a contract between the people and its government.
What was the role of the Governor General/Viceroy in India?
Directly responsible for government in India, resembling the position of a President.
What is the role of the Prime Minister in Pakistan?
Main decision taker and leader of all chosen ministers, acting as an executive.
What was introduced with the 1956 constitution?
The position of President, who agrees with the PM and signs decisions.
Define democracy.
Government of the people, for the people, by the people.
List the types of democracy.
- Parliamentary
- Presidential
What was the significance of the Objectives Resolution?
It was the first step for making the constitution and laid down the basic principles for Pakistan.
When was the Objectives Resolution passed?
12th March 1949
What was PRODA?
Public Representative Officer’s Disqualification Act aimed to eradicate political evils.
What did the Liaquat-Nehru Pact address?
It stopped the free passage of refugees and initiated a visa system between India and Pakistan.
What was a major issue following the partition of India?
The refugee issue and the accession of princely states.
Who was the first Governor General of Pakistan?
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
What was the outcome of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy?
L.A.K survived due to intervention by General Ayub Khan.
What was the significance of the date 23rd March 1956?
It marked the adoption of Pakistan’s first constitution.
What was the main criticism of the Objectives Resolution?
It was not sufficiently Islamic, according to some Ulamas.
Fill in the blank: The concept of a state for Muslims is not equal to a _______.
Muslim state
True or False: The Constitution of Pakistan was finalized immediately after independence.
False
What did East Pakistanis fear regarding representation in the National Assembly?
They feared being governed from West Pakistan and wanted a larger share in representation.
What was the outcome of the language issue in East Pakistan?
Political unrest due to demands for Bengali to be a national language.
Who was Ghulam Mohammed?
The third Governor General of Pakistan, who later became involved in politics.
What was General Ayub Khan’s role in the military?
Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Army before becoming the second President.
What does E.p+W.p=y represent?
The equation signifies a relationship between East Pakistan (E.p) and West Pakistan (W.p) in a broader context.
What was the impact of a deficit budget on the government in power?
It left a bad impression on the people due to expenses exceeding income.
What was the demand of the Ulamas regarding the Ahmedi sect?
They demanded that the constitution should proclaim the Ahmedis to be non-Muslims.
Who was M. Zafarullah Khan?
He was the Ahmedi Foreign Minister chosen by Jinnah as part of his cabinet.
What did Ghulam Mohammed do to Khawaja Nazimuddin under PRODA?
He removed Khawaja Nazimuddin, claiming he was incapable of dealing with public pressure and political duties.
What financial situation did Pakistan experience in 1950-1952?
Pakistan had somewhat a surplus budget, with expenses less than income.
What major agricultural export did Pakistan achieve during the Korean War?
Pakistan exported raw jute from East Pakistan.
What was the role of the Planning Commission in Pakistan’s financial stability?
It was involved in introducing financial stability through 5 and 6-year plans.
Who was M. Ali Bogra?
He was the 3rd Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1953 to 1955.
What was Bogra’s relationship with the USA?
He was pro-USA and sought to fill the deficit budget with loans or aid from the USA.
What were CENTO and SEATO?
CENTO was the Central Treaty Organization, and SEATO was the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization.
What significant event occurred during the Constitutional Crisis of 1954/55?
Bogra forwarded a resolution nullifying PRODA while G.M. was out of the country.
What happened when Ghulam Mohammed dissolved the National and Provincial Assemblies?
All MNAs or MPAs became common citizens overnight, stripped of their political titles.
Who was Iskander Mirza?
He was the 4th and last Governor-General of Pakistan and later became the 1st President of Pakistan.
What significant infrastructure projects were initiated during Feroze Khan Noon’s tenure?
Completion of Karachi Airport and purchase of Gwadar Port from Oman.
What type of democracy was established in Pakistan under Iskander Mirza’s government?
A parliamentary democracy was established with the first constitution of Pakistan.
What was the reason for the proclamation of Martial Law in 1958?
Mirza feared a coup from H.S. Suhrawardy and the chaotic nature of the government.
What was Ayub Khan’s introduction to governance characterized as?
Democracy with discipline, which implied limited freedom.
What was the EBDO?
Elective Bodies Disqualification Order, which removed accused officers from office for 3-7 years.
What was the ‘Day of Revolution’?
It refers to the day Ayub Khan took power, celebrated on 27th October 1958.
What was the Basic Democrats system?
A system of electoral college for electing the President, initiated in 1959.
What was significant about the 1962 constitution?
It established a presidential democracy, contradicting Jinnah’s vision for a parliamentary democracy.
What were some agricultural policies introduced under Ayub Khan?
Green revolution, land reforms, and the Indus Basin Treaty of 1960.
What was one flaw of Ayub Khan’s industrial policies?
Corruption and coercion among Basic Democrats.
What was Ayub Khan’s approach to social policies?
He revised marriage and divorce laws, introduced family planning, and emphasized primary education.
What major event took place in the 1965 elections?
Ayub Khan faced vote rigging allegations despite winning the presidency again.
What was celebrated on 6th September?
Defence Day, commemorating the 1965 war between India and Pakistan.
What was the Tashkent Declaration?
A peace agreement signed in January 1966 between India and Pakistan facilitated by Russia.
Who founded the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP)?
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, as a response to Ayub Khan’s regime.
What did Ayub Khan do before resigning in October 1969?
He handed power back to the military, leading to a second martial law under Yahya Khan.
What was the significance of the 1970 elections in Pakistan?
They marked the first general elections with universal adult suffrage.
How were National Assembly seats distributed between East and West Pakistan?
East Pakistan secured 162 seats while West Pakistan obtained 138 seats.
