Chapter 12 - Mendel, Genes, & Inheritance Flashcards
Genotype
an organism’s DNA, genes, & alleles
Phenotype
how the organism’s DNA is visually expressed
-determined by the genotype
Homozygous
2 of the same allele
Heterozygous
1 dominant allele & 1 recessive allele
F1 Generation
the first generation of offspring from a cross between 2 true-breeding parents
Monohybrid
cross in which 2 different true-breeding parents for 1 trait produce offspring
Dihybrid
cross in which the parents both have 2 experimental traits
What is being segregated in the Principle of Segregation?
different alleles separate when homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I
What evidence supports the Principle of Segregation?
each gamete produced during meiosis exhibits 1 of each gene
When do you use the product rule?
in the presence of the word “and”
-when 2 events happen independently of each other
When do you use the sum rule?
in the presence of the word “or”
-when there are 2 or more ways through which to obtain the same outcome
Testcross
a method to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype
-the individual is crosses with homozygous recessive individual
In a testcross, how would I know if the individual is homozygous dominant?
if the all of the offspring are dominant
In a testcross, how would I know if the individual is heterozygous?
if some of the offspring are recessive
What is being assorted in Mendel’s Principle of Independent Assortment?
individual genes –> genes are present on separate chromosomes
