Chapter 12: Memory Flashcards
What are the three processes of memory?
Encoding, storage and retrieval.
What is encoding?
Transformation of information. Requires you to pay attention. Selective attention necessary.
What is storage?
Keeping or maintaining information in memory.
What is retrieval?
When stored information is brought to mind. All three processes must take place for remembering to occur.
What are the three memory systems?
Sensory, short-term/working and long term memory.
What is sensory memory?
Made up of iconic memory (fraction of a second visual memory) and echoic memory (couple of second auditory memory) that is long enough for selection of important information.
What is short term/working memory?
Mental workspace. Displacement will occur when capacity (5-9 bits) is full. Items lost after 30 seconds. Can be kept by rehearsal. Temporarily holds info coming from sensory memory or from long-term.
What is long term memory?
Unlimited capacity and relatively permanent. Information stays by rehearsal and elaboration. Two subsystems: declarative and procedural.
What is declarative memory?
A subsystem of long term memory. Explicit memory: facts and/or events.
What is episodic memory?
A part of declarative memory. Stores the memory of the events of your life.
What is semantic memory?
Stores general knowledge or objective facts and information.
What is procedural memory?
A subsystem of declarative memory, it consists of motor skills, habits, etc.
What is encoding specificity?
Information remembered best in context similar to when info was encoded.
What is the primacy effect?
Information at the beginning of a sequence is likely to be recalled because it has already been place in long term memory.
What is the recency effect?
Information at the end of a sequence has a high probability of being recalled because it is still in short term memory.
