Chapter 12: Intelligence

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Individual Characteristic style of behaving

Question 2

Validity Scales

Answer 2

Help alleviate response style biases (think of lie detector scales)

Question 3

MMPI-2-RF

Answer 3

Most used clinical questionnaire that asks people to describe their own behaviour or mental state

Question 4

Self Report

Answer 4

Any method that involves asking a participant about their feelings attitudes and beliefs

Question 5

Projective Techniques

Answer 5

Series of tests that allow respondents to project their opinions or beliefs onto other people or objects (ink blot test, themetic apperception test)

Question 6

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Answer 6

Individual interpretations of the meaning of a set of ink splotches on cards that are analyzed to identify a respondents inner feelings and interpret his or her personality structure

Question 7

Consists of 31 picture cards that have descriptions of relationships or social situations which reveal an individuals perception of interpersonal relationships

Answer 7

Thematic Apperception Test -TAT

Question 8

Trait

Answer 8

Relatively stable way to behave in a particular and consistent way

Question 9

Factor Analysis

Answer 9

sorts traits into dimensions where they can be measured

Question 10

Traits of a five factor model:

Answer 10

Called the Big 5, stands for conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience and extraversion.

Question 11

CANOE can stand for…

Answer 11

The Big Five!

Question 12

Changes in Personality can be caused by

Answer 12

Brain Damage, brain pathologies,pharmaceutical treatments

Question 13

Behavioural genetics look for correlation between…

Answer 13

monozygotic and dizygotic twins

Question 14

Compared to Men, Women are more…

Answer 14

Verbally expressive,sensitive to non-verbal cues, nurturing

Question 15

Compared to Women, Men are more…

Answer 15

physically aggressive, higer self esteem, more assertive

Question 16

Freud’s 3 Independent systems that determine personality structure

Answer 16

ID
Ego
Superego

Question 17

Part of the mind containing the drives present at birth, the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires and impulses

Answer 17

ID

Question 18

Ego

Answer 18

Component of personality developed through contact with the external world that enables us to deal with life’s practical demands

Question 19

Superego

Answer 19

Mental System that reflects internalization of culture rules

Question 20

Unconcious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses

Answer 20

Defense Mechanisms

Question 21

Supplying a reasonable sounding explanation for unacceptable feelings and behaviours to conceal ones underlying emotions or feelings

Answer 21

Rationalization

Question 22

Reaction Formation

Answer 22

Unconciously replacing threatening inner wishes and fantasies with an exaggerated version of their opposite

Question 23

Attributing ones own threatening feelings, motives or impulses to another person or group

Answer 23

Projection

Question 24

Regression

Answer 24

When the ego deals with internal conflict and percieved conflict by reverting to an immature behaviour

Question 25

Displacement

Answer 25

Shifting unacceptable wishes or drives to a neutral or less threatening alternative (angry person yells at son who did nothing, the son then kicks the dog)

Question 26

Psychosexual Stages

Answer 26

Distinct early life stages through which personality is formed as children experience sexual pleasures from specific body areas

Question 27

What are the 5 Psychosexual Stages?

Answer 27

1) Oral Stage
2) Anal Stage
3) Phallic Stage
4) Latency Stage
5) Genital Stage

Question 28

Stage occurs during the first year and a half of life, the first psychosexual stage, where they experience pleasures and frustratons associated with the mouth, sucking and being fed.

Answer 28

Oral Stage

Question 29

Anal Stage

Answer 29

Between ages 2 and 3, child moves on to the second stage which is experiences dominated by pleasures and frustrations associated with the anus, toilet training,

Question 30

Stage 3 which occurs at ages 3-5 where experience is dominated by pleasure associated with the phallic-genitcal area. Aswell as dealing with feelings of love, jealousy and hate

Answer 30

Phallic Stage

Question 31

Latency Stage

Answer 31

Ocuurs at ages 5-13,where primary focus is the further developement of intellectual and creative and interpersonal skills.

Question 32

Genital Stage

Answer 32

Final stage, at puberty and after, time for for the coming together of a mature adult personality with a capacity to work and love and relate to others

Question 33

Humanistic Psychologists

Answer 33

Emphasize a positive,optimistic view of human nature; emphasize goodness and potential for growth

Question 34

Existentialist Psychologists

Answer 34

Focus on the individual as a responsible agent, free to create his or her life

Question 35

Self Actualization Tendency

Answer 35

Human motive toward realizing our inner potential

Question 36

Social Cognitive Approach

Answer 36

View personality in terms of how a person thinks abut the situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response to them

Question 37

Self concept

Answer 37

What we think about ourselves

Question 38

Self Esteem

Answer 38

How we feel about our selves