Chapter 12 glossary Flashcards
Gram positive bacteria
bacteria with cell walls that stain purple-blue with Gram stain
Gram negative bacteria
bacteria with cell walls that stain red with gram stain
antibiotics
a chemical or compound that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria
parasites
an organism that lives in or on an organism of another species (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other’s expense
fungicide
chemical that destroys fungus
callose
a polysaccharide containing Beta 1-3 linkages and beta 1-6 linkages between the glucose monomers that is important in the plant response to infecction
chitinases
hydrolytic enzyme that break down glycosidic bonds in chitin
glucanases
enzymes that break down a glucan, a polysaccharide made of several glucose sub-units
mucous membranes
membranous linings of body tracts that secrete a sticky mucus
inflammation
biological response of vascular tissues to pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, resulting in pain, heat, redness and swelling
Mast cells
cell found in connective tissue releasing histamine and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions
histamines
chemicals produced by mast cells in damaged tissues that make the blood vessels dilate ( causing redness and heat) and the blood vessel walls leaky (causing swelling and pain)
cytokines
cell-signalling molecules produced by mast cells in damaged tissues that attract phagocytes to the site of infection or inflammation
phagocytosis
process by which white blood cells called phagocytes recognise non-self cells, engulf them digest them within a vesicle called a phagolysosomes
phagosomes
the vesicle in which a pathogen or damaged cell is engulfed by a phagocyte
