Chapter 12 - Financing Contingencies Flashcards
Hypothecation
Places a home as collateral for a loan.
Mortgage
Places the house as security for the loan. Not normally used in California.
Deed of Trust
An instrument placing the real property being purchased or refinanced as collateral for the loan.
Secures a promissory note.
Foreclosure
Procedure whereby property pledged as security for a debt is sold to pay the debt in the event of default in payments or terms.
Nominal Interest Rate
Rate named in the promissory note.
Effective Interest Rate
Actual rate of interest the borrower pays including loan fees, discount points and other loan costs. Also represents the annual percentage rate (APR).
Discount Points
Allows a borrower to pay a certain amount of money upfront to reduce the loan interest rate.
Fixed Rate Loan
The monthly principal and interest payment is the amount the borrower will pay throughout the life of the loan.
Adjustable Rate Loan
A loan that adjusts to some predetermined index that measures the cost of money and changes over the life of the loan.
Equity
Fair market value of a property minus the loans against it.
Debt
That which is due from one person or another.
Obligation, liability (e.g., money that is owed by a borrower to a lender.)
Loan-to-Value Ratio (RTV)
The loan amount divided by a property’s purchase price or appraised value - whichever is lower.
Loan Amount ÷ Price of Property = Loan-to-Value Ratio
Private Mortgage Insurance (PTI)
Used to insure a lender for the loan amount made above the 80% loan-to-value ratio.
80-10-10 Loan
80% first deed of trust
10% owner-carry second deed of trust
10% down payment
Impounds
Reserve account for property taxes and insurance that a lender usually collects from a borrower.
The lender then on behalf of the borrower, pays the property taxes and property insurance as they become due each year.
Interest Only/ Straight Note
Only interest is paid during the term of the loan.
Types of Real Estate Loans
- Interest Only Loan/ Straight Note
- Amortization and Fully-Amortized Loan
- Partially-Amortized Loan
- Negative Amortization
- Shared appreciation loan
- Reverse mortgages
Partial Amortization Loan
Loan that is paid off like a fully amortized loan, except the loan becomes due and payable sometime before the end of the amortization period. Usually 5-7 years from the loan origination date.
Lump sum payment is called balloon payment
Balloon Payment
Lump sum that is due at the end of a partially amortized loan.
Negative Amortization
Loan requires monthly payments that are not sufficient to cover the monthly interest that is due on the loan.
It does not reduce the principal balance of the loan.
Shared Appreciation Loan
Allows the lender to participate in the increase in value of a borrower’s property.
Reverse Mortgage
Allows a senior citizen to stay in their home while taking the equity out of the home each month through a reverse mortgage.
Promissory Note & Types of Promissory Notes
Evidence of a debt obligating that is an unconditional promise to pay the loan back with interest.
An “IOU” that specifies the amount and terms of the loan, but there is no collateral securing a note that is by itself.
Promissory Note (evidence of debt & is an IOU) + Deed of Trust (collateral for the loan & security for the promissory note)= Home Loan
- Seasoned note
- Holder in due course
- Note endorsements
- Joint and several note
- Negotiable Instrument
- Promotional Note
Seasoned Note
A promissory note with a previous history of prompt loan payments.
Holder in Due Course
A lender or person who PURCHASES a loan (promissory note / deed of trust) FROM THE ORIGINAL lender or someone the original lender sold the loan to (subsequent holder).
Note Endorsements
A promissory note can be endorsed (signed) as a blank endorsement, restricted endorsement, or a qualified endorsement.
Joint and Several Note
Makes each borrower responsible jointly and severally for the promissory note.
Each borrower is responsible together with the other borrowers on the note, along with each borrower severally (separately).
Negotiable Instrument
A document that can be used as an item of exchange and negotiated.
Examples – checks drafts, installment notes
Promotional Note
Provides borrowers with attractive financing to stimulate sales in a subdivision.
Who are the 3 parties in a trust deed.
Trustor vs Trustee vs Beneficiary
Trustor - borrower, signs the note and deed of trust
Trustee - 3rd party who holds a basic legal title to the property, has power of sale in the event of foreclosure.
Beneficiary - Lender
Deeds of Trust / Trust Deeds
An instrument placing the real property being purchased or refinanced as collateral for the loan.
Secures the PROMISSORY NOTE and COLLATERALIZES the LOAN.
Trust Deed vs Grant Deed
Grant deed - convey a property’s title to someone else
Quitclaim deeds - remove someone from title
Trust deed - used to place the house as collateral for a real estate loan being made to the borrower who owns the property. 3 parties include the trustor, trustee, and beneficiary
Alienation Clause/ Due-on-Sale Clause
Provides that the principal amount of the loan plus accrued interest is due in the event of the sale of the property.
Prepayment Penalty
Provides for a certain sum to be paid by the trustor (borrower) if the loan is paid off before it matures.
Formal Loan Assumption
Assigns all loan rights, obligations, and responsibilities of the seller to the buyer.