Chapter 12 Evolution

Question 1

Phylogenetic Tree
Tips of branches

Answer 1

descendants of that ancestor

Question 2

Clade

Answer 2

A group of organisms that consist of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants

Question 3

evolution

Answer 3

Change in genetic composition of a population during successive generations, may result in development of new species

Question 4

Micro evolution

Answer 4

small-scale variation of allele frequencies within a species or population, in which the descendant is of the same taxonomic group as the ancestor.

Question 5

Macro evolution

Answer 5

Variation of allele frequencies at or above the level of species over geological time, resulting in divergence of taxonomic groups, which the descendant is in a different taxonomic group to the ancestor

Question 6

Natural selection

Answer 6

those with characteristics most suited to the environment have an advantage

Question 7

evolutionary radiation

Answer 7

increase in taxonomic diversity and morphological variation over time
-occur when new ecological space becomes available

Question 8

Geological timescale

Answer 8

timescale that covers events
1. Eons
2. Eras
3. Periods
4. Epochs

Question 9

phylogenetic relationship

Answer 9

evolutionary relationship that exists between a group of species, expressed as a tree-like diagram

Question 10

extinction: why may species become extinct

Answer 10

habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, overhunting, invasive species, and disease which can disrupt their ecosystems, reducing population

Question 11

genome

Answer 11

All the genetic material in the chromosomes of an organism, including its genes and DNA sequences