Chapter 12 energy and respiration Flashcards
To learn about aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Define respiration
The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds in living things
Define anabolic reaction
A chemical reaction in which smaller molecules are built up into larger ones
Why ATP makes the perfect energy currency?
-the hydrolysis of ATP can be done quickly and easily, in whichever part of the cell the energy is required
-the hydrolysis of one molecule of ATP can release a useful quantity of energy, enough to fuel an energy requiring process in a cell and not so much is wasted
-ATP is a relatively stable molecule in a range of pH that normally occurs in the cell, it doesn’t break down unless the catalyst ATPase enzyme is present.
How much KJ/mol is released from the removal of phosphate from ATP,ADP,AMP and how and why is it removed
-ATP: 30.5KJ/mol
-ADP: 30.5KJ/mol
-AMP: 14.2KJ/mol
It is removed by hydrolysis to release energy
What are the two main ways in which ATP is made by ADP and a phosphate group
-substrate linked phosphorylation
-chemiosmosis
Define substrate linked phosphorylation
The transfer of phosphate from a substrate molecule directly to a ADP to produce ATP, using energy provided by other chemical reaction
Define chemiosmosis
The synthesis of ATP using energy released by the movement of hydrogen ions down their concentration gradient, across a membrane in a mitochondria and chloroplast
Define glycolysis
Lysis of glucose, first stage in aerobic respiration
Define phosphorylation
The addition of phosphate group to a molecule
What is NAD? Full form?
-hydrogen carrier
-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
What is oxidation
Addition of oxygen, removal of hydrogen or electron from a substance
What is reduction
Removal of oxygen, addition of hydrogen or electron to a substance
What is the four stages of aerobic respiration and where does it take place?
1) glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell
2) the link reaction takes place in the matrix of mitochondria
3) the Krebs cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria
4) oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane
Describe glycolysis
(check textbook)
Describe link reaction
(check textbook)
Describe Krebs cycle
(check textbook)
Describe oxidative phosphorylation
(check textbook)