Chapter 12 Concepts Flashcards
What happens to solubility of solids as T goes up?
The effects of temperature on the solubility of solids differ depending on whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
An endothermic reaction (heat is on the reactants side where the solid is). Increasing the temperature would result in stress on the reactants side from the additional heat. Le Châtelier’s Principle predicts that the system would shift towards the product’s side in order to alleviate this stress. By shifting towards the product’s side, more of the solid is dissociated when equilibrium is again established - which equates to increased solubility.
Second, imagine an exothermic reaction (heat is on the products side where the dissociated ions from the solid are). Increasing the temperature would result in stress on the products side from the additional heat. Le Châtelier’s Principle predicts that the system would shift towards the reactant’s side in order to alleviate this stress. By shifting towards the reactant’s side, less of the solid is dissociated when equilibrium is again established - which equates to decreased solubility.
What is a solvent?
It is the component in greater amount
What is a solute?
Formation of a saturated solution
What are miscible liquids?
Liquids that mix in all proportions are called miscible.
What does it mean for a solution to be “saturated”?
When there is a dynamic equilibrium between an undissolved solute and a solution, the solution is saturated.
What is the solubility of a solute?
the solubility of the solute is the concentration of the solute in a saturated solution.
What does it mean for a solution to be unsaturated?
A solution which contains less solute than can be held at equilibrium is unsaturated.
What is the effect of pressure on solubility of gases?
Effect of T on the solubility of gases
Gases become less soluble in liquids as the temperature increases.
