Chapter 12 Cell Cycle And Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

In eukaryotic cells chromosomes are composed of

A

C) DNA and proteins

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2
Q

What is the final result of mitosis in a human

A

Genetically identical 2n somatic cells

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3
Q

If there are 20 duplicated choromosnes in a cell how many centromeres are there

A

20

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4
Q

The first gap in the cell cycle (G1) corresponds to

A

A) normal growth and cell function

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5
Q

The microtubule-organising center found in animal cells is an identifiable structure present during all phases of the cycle specifically it is known as the

A

Centrosome

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6
Q

The mitotic spindle is a microtubular structure that is involved in ________.

A

D) separation of sister chromatids

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7
Q

Metaphase is characterised by ________.

A

A) aligning of chromosomes on the equator

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8
Q

Kinetochore microtubules assist in the process of splitting centromeres by ________.

A

B) creating tension by pulling toward opposite poles

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9
Q

How is plant cell cytokinesis different from animal cell cytokinesis?

A

B) Plant cells deposit vesicles containing cell-wall building blocks on the metaphase plate; animal cells form a cleavage furrow.

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10
Q

FtsZ is a bacterial cytoskeletal protein that forms a contractile ring involved in bacterial cytokinesis. Its function is analogous to ________.

A

A) the cleavage furrow of eukaryotic animal cells

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11
Q

t which phase are centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells?

A

D) prophase

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12
Q

Which of the following are primarily responsible for cytokinesis in plant cells but not in animal cells?

A

B) Golgi-derived vesicles

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13
Q

The beginning of anaphase is indicated by which of the following?

A

C) Cohesin is cleaved enzymatically.

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14
Q

During which phase of mitosis do the chromatids become chromosomes?

A

B) anaphase

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15
Q

A cleavage furrow is ________.

A

C) a groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei

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16
Q

Several organisms, primarily protists, have what are called intermediate mitotic organisation. These protists are intermediate in what sense?

A

C) They maintain a nuclear envelope during division.

17
Q

Several organisms, primarily protists, have what are called intermediate mitotic organisation. What is the most probable hypothesis about these intermediate forms of cell division?

A

D) They show some but not all of the evolutionary steps toward complete mitosis.

18
Q

Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis?

A

B) replication of the DNA

19
Q

Motor proteins require which of the following to function in the movement of chromosomes toward the poles of the mitotic spindle?

A

C) ATP as an energy source

20
Q

MPF is a dimer consisting of ________.

A

D) cyclin and a cyclin-dependent kinase

21
Q

Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) is ________.

A

D) an enzyme that attaches phosphate groups to other proteins

22
Q

The M-phase checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle. If this does not happen, cells would most likely be arrested in ________.

A

D) metaphase

23
Q

Which of the following is released by platelets in the vicinity of an injury?

A

A) PDGF

24
Q

Which of the following is a protein maintained at steady levels throughout the cell cycle that requires cyclin to become catalytically active?

A

D) Cdk

25
Q

Which of the following triggers the cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into mitosis?

A

B) MPF

26
Q

The cyclin component of MPF is destroyed toward the end of which phase?

A

D) M

27
Q

Density-dependent inhibition is explained by which of the following?

A

B) As cells become more numerous, the cell surface proteins of one cell contact the adjoining cells and they stop dividing.

28
Q

Besides the ability of some cancer cells to overproliferate, what else could logically result in a tumour?

A

B) lack of appropriate cell death

29
Q

Anchorage dependence of animal cells in vitro or in vivo depends on which of the following?

A

B) response of the cell cycle controls to signals from the plasma membrane

30
Q

Cells from advanced malignant tumours often have very abnormal chromosomes and an abnormal number of chromosomes. What might explain the association between malignant tumours and chromosomal abnormalities?

A

C) Cell cycle checkpoints are not in place to stop cells with chromosome abnormalities.