Chapter 12: Bioenergetics and Regulation of Metabolism Flashcards
What Keq results in a spontaneous (neg. delta G)?
Keq > 1
[products] > [reactants]
ln Keq -> (+)
delta G -> (-)
What Keq results in a nonspontaneous (pos. delta G)?
0 < Keq < 1
[reactants] > [products]
ln Keq -> (-)
delta G -> (+)
ATP hydrolysis involves the hydrolysis of what bond?
The phosphoanhydride bond linking the gamma phosphate to the beta phosphate
What happens to free energy in spontaneous rxns?
Decrease in free energy
What is the balanced rxn of the reduction of NAD?
NAD(+) + H(+) + 2e(-) -> NADH
How many electrons and hydrogens are accepted by NAD during reduction?
2 electrons and one proton
Reduction Potential
More positive; more likely to be reduced.
More negative; less likely to be reduced.
How many electrons does an FAD moiety?
2 electrons
Is ATP hydrolysis spontaneous or nonspontaneous?
Spontaneous`
(-) Delta G
Is free energy in ADP and AMP (+) or (-) ?
(+)
Free energy in ADP is greater than AMP.
ADP contains two Pi residues joined by a phosphoanhydride bond, while AMP contains only one Pi residue.
What is true of spontaneous rxns?
The energy of products is lower than the energy of reactants.
- Negative change in free energy
- Occurs at any rate
What is glucose oxidized to during cellular respiration?
CO2
Biological oxidations increase the number of oxygens bonded to a chemical species.
What is O2 reduced to during cellular respiration?
H2O
Biological reductions increase the number of hydrogens bonded to a chemical species
How do electrons flow during aerobic respiration?
Glucose -> O2
What happens to entropy when there are more products than reactants?
Entropy of a system has usually increased.
