Chapter 12 Basics Of Chemistry Flashcards
Cosmetologist need to know basic Chemistry for them to succeed at their professions
is the science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions.
Chemistry
is the study of substances that contain the element carbon.
Organic Chemistry
a term that is often used to mean safe or natural because of its association with living things such as foods or food ingredients, but not all ______ substances are natural, healthy, or safe.
Organic
All living things or things that were once alive, whether they are plants or animals, contain _______
Carbon
_____ can contain other elements like nitrogen and oxygen, but it is the bond between carbon and hydrogen that make it organic.
Organic Compounds
Organic substances that contain ______ and ______ can burn.
Carbon and Hydrogen
Gasoline, motor oil, plastics, synthetic fibers, pesticides, and fertilizers are all examples of _________
Organic Substances
All hair color products, chemical texturizers, shampoos, conditioners, styling aids, nail enhancements, and skin care products are examples of ___________
Organic Chemicals
is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon but may contain the element hydrogen.
Inorganic Chemistry
______are not and never were alive and they do not burn because they do not contain the element carbon.
Inorganic Substances
Metals, minerals, glass, water, and air are ______. Pure water and oxygen are also ______, yet they are essential to life.
Inorganic Substances
Hydrogen peroxide, hydroxide hair relaxers, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide in sun protection creams are example of _______
Inorganic Substances
Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).
Matter
All ______ has physical and chemical properties and exists in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas.
Matter
Since _____is made form chemicals, everything made of matter is a chemical.
Matter
Matter has ________ that we can touch, taste, smell, or see
Physical Properties
Everything that you touch and see, with the exemption of ______ and _______, is matter.
light and electricity
All matter is made up of _______. You can see visible light and light that electrical sparks create, but these are not forms of matter.
Chemicals
Light and electricity are forms of _______, and ______ is not matter.
energy
Everything known to exist in the universe is either made of _______ or ________. There are no exemptions to this rule.
energy or matter
______ does not occupy space or have mass.
Energy
The simplest form of chemical matter. It cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without lose of identity.
Element
There are ____ known elements today and of those ____ occur naturally and the rest are produced by synthetic methods from nuclear reactions. All matter in the universe is made up of those elements and they have their own distinct physical and chemical properties.
118 and 98
When using the word ______ to describe something does not mean it is dangerous or harmful. Water and Air are 100 percent _______. Even the body is completely composed of ________.
Chemical And Chemicals
The vast majority of chemicals you come into contact with are _____ and ______. When chemicals do have the potential to cause harm, manufacturers are required to describe that potential harm on the packaging or label.
safe and harmless
There is no such thing as a _______ product, so do not be fooled by misleading marketing claims.
Chemical-free
Each element is identified by a _____.
letter symbol
O=____
Oxygen
C=____
Carbon
H=_____
Hydrogen
N=_____
Nitrogen
S=_____
Sulfur
The ____________ contains the symbols for all the elements and can be found in chemistry textbooks or by searching the internet.
Periodic Table Of Elements
The basic unit of matter with a nucleus at the center.
atom
A negatively charged basic unit of matter that surrounds the nucleus and moves around the nucleus in orbits.
electrons (E)
The nucleus consist of ______ (subatomic particles with a positive charge) and _______ (subatomic particles with no charge) and the number of _______ determines the element.
Protons (P) and Neutrons (N)
Cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
Atoms
A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions. Just as words are made by combining letters, _____ are made by combining atoms.
molecule
Water made from _____atoms and _______ atoms.
hydrogen and oxygen
Carbon dioxide is made from _____ atoms and _____ atoms
Carbon and Oxygen
Atmospheric oxygen and other chemical substances, such as _______ and ________ make up the air you breath.
Nitrogen and water vapor
