Chapter 12- Basics of chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element?

a. silicon
b. oxygen
c. hydrogen
d. nitrogen

A

hydrogen

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2
Q

a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without a loss of identity is _________.

a. a compound
b. an ion
c. a molecule
d. an element

A

an element

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3
Q

chemically combining two or more atoms in definite proportion forms __________

a. an acid
b. a molecule
c. a imxture
d. a solvent

A

a molecule

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4
Q

a(n) _________ is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent.

a. solution
b. emulsion
c. compound
d. element

A

solution

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5
Q

a(n) __________ is a substance dissolved into a solution

a. solvent
b. alkali
c. solute
d. acid

A

solute

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6
Q

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions are considered _________.

a. emulsions
b. suspensions
c. miscible
d. immiscible

A

immiscible

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7
Q

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid are _________.

a. suspensions
b. mixtures
c. solutes
d. emulsions

A

suspensions

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8
Q

an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient is _________.

a. a suspension
b. an emulsion
c. a mixture
d. solution

A

an emulsion

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9
Q

a substance that allows oil and water to mix or emulsify is ________.

a. a reducing agent
b. a surfactant
c. an anion
d. a cation

A

a surfactant

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10
Q

The tail of a surfactant molecule is oil-loving or ___________.

a. miscible
b. immiscible
c. lipophillic
d. hydrophillic

A

lipophillic

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11
Q

an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is called an __________.

a. alkaline
b. acid
c. atom
d. ion

A

ion

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12
Q

alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are derived from _______ and used in the salon to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the pH of certain products

a. plants
b. chemicals
c. minerals
d. food sources

A

plants

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13
Q

Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat under certain circumstances are _____________.

a. endothermic
b. exothermic
c. negative
d. positive

A

exothermic

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14
Q

a substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered to be ____________.

a. combustible
b. neutral
c. acidic
d. alkaline

A

acidic

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15
Q

alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they __________.

a. produce less color
b. are less expensive
c. have a better texture
d. are more effective

A

produce less oder

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16
Q

Which of these is not composed of organic chemicals?

a. pesticides
b. shampoos
c. synthetic fabrics
d. minerals

17
Q

Elements molecules contain two or more ___________ of the small element in definite proportions.

a.atoms
b. ions
c. cations
d . sillcones

18
Q

vapor is ___________ that has evaporated into a gas-like state.

a. an element
b. a solid
c. a liquid
d. a chemical

19
Q

an oxidizing agent is a substance that releases ____________.

a. hydrogen
b. nitrogen
c. oxygen
d. carbon

20
Q

a pure substance is a chemical combination of matter in ______ proportions.

a. unequal
b. fixed
c. liquid
d. vaporized

21
Q

the glitter in nail polish that can separate from the polish is an example of _________.

a. an emulsion
b. a mixture
c. a solution
d. a suspension

A

a suspension

22
Q

water-in-oil emulsions feel _________ than oil-than-water emulsion

a. greasier
b. hotter
c. wetter
d. colder

23
Q

The ingredient used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft is ___________.

a. an amino acid
b. ammonia
c. an alkaline solution
d. alpha hydroxy acid

24
Q

Volatile organic compounds contain __________ and evaporate very easily

a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen

25
The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide is __________. a. combustion b. oxidation c. ionization d. reduction
oxidation
26
The term logarithm means multiples of _________. a. 5 b. 10 c. 100 d. 1,000
10
27
a chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time is ___________ a. redox b. oxidization c. ionization d. combustion
redox
28
any substance that occupies space and has mass is __________. a. an atom b. an element c. matter d. a reaction
matter
29
Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance are _________. a. chemical properties b. elemental properties c. molecular properties d. physical properties
chemical properties
30
a chemical combination of matter in definite proportions is a(n) ____________. a. atomic substance b. combined substance c. miscible substance d. pure substance
pure substance
31
a physical combination of matter in any proportion is a ____________. a. chemical mixture b. combined mixture c. physical mixture d. pure substance
physical mixture
32
the ___________ is the smallest chemical component of an element. a. anion b. atom c. cation d. molecule
atom
33
rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light is ____________ a. reduction b. emulsification c. ionization d. combustion
combustion
34
characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance are __________. a. chemical properties b. elemental properties c. molecular properties d. physical properties
physical properties