Chapter 12- Basics of chemistry Flashcards
Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element?
a. silicon
b. oxygen
c. hydrogen
d. nitrogen
hydrogen
a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without a loss of identity is _________.
a. a compound
b. an ion
c. a molecule
d. an element
an element
chemically combining two or more atoms in definite proportion forms __________
a. an acid
b. a molecule
c. a imxture
d. a solvent
a molecule
a(n) _________ is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent.
a. solution
b. emulsion
c. compound
d. element
solution
a(n) __________ is a substance dissolved into a solution
a. solvent
b. alkali
c. solute
d. acid
solute
Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions are considered _________.
a. emulsions
b. suspensions
c. miscible
d. immiscible
immiscible
Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid are _________.
a. suspensions
b. mixtures
c. solutes
d. emulsions
suspensions
an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient is _________.
a. a suspension
b. an emulsion
c. a mixture
d. solution
an emulsion
a substance that allows oil and water to mix or emulsify is ________.
a. a reducing agent
b. a surfactant
c. an anion
d. a cation
a surfactant
The tail of a surfactant molecule is oil-loving or ___________.
a. miscible
b. immiscible
c. lipophillic
d. hydrophillic
lipophillic
an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is called an __________.
a. alkaline
b. acid
c. atom
d. ion
ion
alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are derived from _______ and used in the salon to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the pH of certain products
a. plants
b. chemicals
c. minerals
d. food sources
plants
Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat under certain circumstances are _____________.
a. endothermic
b. exothermic
c. negative
d. positive
exothermic
a substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered to be ____________.
a. combustible
b. neutral
c. acidic
d. alkaline
acidic
alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they __________.
a. produce less color
b. are less expensive
c. have a better texture
d. are more effective
produce less oder
Which of these is not composed of organic chemicals?
a. pesticides
b. shampoos
c. synthetic fabrics
d. minerals
minerals
Elements molecules contain two or more ___________ of the small element in definite proportions.
a.atoms
b. ions
c. cations
d . sillcones
atoms
vapor is ___________ that has evaporated into a gas-like state.
a. an element
b. a solid
c. a liquid
d. a chemical
a liquid
an oxidizing agent is a substance that releases ____________.
a. hydrogen
b. nitrogen
c. oxygen
d. carbon
oxygen
a pure substance is a chemical combination of matter in ______ proportions.
a. unequal
b. fixed
c. liquid
d. vaporized
fixed
the glitter in nail polish that can separate from the polish is an example of _________.
a. an emulsion
b. a mixture
c. a solution
d. a suspension
a suspension
water-in-oil emulsions feel _________ than oil-than-water emulsion
a. greasier
b. hotter
c. wetter
d. colder
greasier
The ingredient used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft is ___________.
a. an amino acid
b. ammonia
c. an alkaline solution
d. alpha hydroxy acid
ammonia
Volatile organic compounds contain __________ and evaporate very easily
a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen
carbon
The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide is __________.
a. combustion
b. oxidation
c. ionization
d. reduction
oxidation
The term logarithm means multiples of _________.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 100
d. 1,000
10
a chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time is ___________
a. redox
b. oxidization
c. ionization
d. combustion
redox
any substance that occupies space and has mass is __________.
a. an atom
b. an element
c. matter
d. a reaction
matter
Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance are _________.
a. chemical properties
b. elemental properties
c. molecular properties
d. physical properties
chemical properties
a chemical combination of matter in definite proportions is a(n) ____________.
a. atomic substance
b. combined substance
c. miscible substance
d. pure substance
pure substance
a physical combination of matter in any proportion is a ____________.
a. chemical mixture
b. combined mixture
c. physical mixture
d. pure substance
physical mixture
the ___________ is the smallest chemical component of an element.
a. anion
b. atom
c. cation
d. molecule
atom
rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light is ____________
a. reduction
b. emulsification
c. ionization
d. combustion
combustion
characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance are __________.
a. chemical properties
b. elemental properties
c. molecular properties
d. physical properties
physical properties
