Chapter 12 - Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is the suffix for an aldehyde?

Answer 1

-al

Question 2

What is the suffix for a ketone?

Answer 2

-one

Question 3

What are the suffixes for esters?

Answer 3

-yl -anoate

Question 4

What is the functional group of an aldehyde?

Answer 4

—-C=O
I
H

Question 5

What is the functional group of a ketone?

Answer 5

O
II
-C-

Question 6

What is an aliphatic compound?

Answer 6

Straight, branched, or non-aromatic chains.

Question 7

What is an aromatic compound?

Answer 7

Containing a benzene ring.

Question 8

What is an alicyclic compound?

Answer 8

Rings that are not aromatic.

Question 9

What is the purpose of curly arrows?

Answer 9

They show the movement of a pair of electrons in a mechanism.

Question 10

What is bond fission?

Answer 10

The breaking of a covalent bond.

Question 11

What is heterolytic fission?

Answer 11

When the covalent bond breaks but the electrons are distributed unequally to form 2 different ions (a cation and an anion). A curly arrow is used to show that both electrons move together.

Question 12

What is homolytic fission?

Answer 12

When the covalent bond breaks with the pair of electrons in the bond being shared equally to form 2 uncharged radicals.

Question 13

What are chain isomers?

Answer 13

Same molecular formula, but different arrangement of the carbon skeleton (e.g. branching)

Question 14

What are position isomers?

Answer 14

Same molecular formula, but different position of the functional group on the carbon skeleton (e.g. pentan-1-ol and pentan-2-ol)