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Dairy Judging > Chapter 12 - animal health > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - animal health Flashcards

0
Q

normal temp for adult dairy cow

A

101.5

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1
Q

Normal temp for a dairy calf

A

102.5

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2
Q

pulse rate for cow

A

60-70 bpm

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3
Q

respiration rate for cow

A

30 bpm

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4
Q

disease

A

change in normal state of the body (or one or more of its organs) which disturbs the proper performance of body functions

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5
Q

pathogen

A

any microorganism that causes disease

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6
Q

antibodies are also known as

A

immunoglobulins

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7
Q

antibodies are

A

proteins synthesized by organs of the cows immune system that aid in the elimination of foreign substances such as microorganisms

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8
Q

4 main immunoglobulin isotypes

A

IgA
IgE
IgG
IgM

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9
Q

carrier

A

animal that is infected with a disease but has no clinical symptoms

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10
Q

toxin

A

poison produced by microorganism that kills cells

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11
Q

4 primary causes

A

environmental
genetic
infectious
metabolic

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12
Q

infectious diseases result from the interplay of these 3 factors

A
  1. the animal and its ability to resist disease (immunity)
  2. an infectious agent (bacteria/virus/parasite)
  3. the environment
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13
Q

8 diseases caused by a virus

A
  1. blue tongue
  2. BRSV (bovine respiratory syncytial virus)
  3. cow pox
  4. PI-3
  5. BLV (Bovine Leukosis virus)
  6. BVD (bovine virus diarrhea)
  7. IBR (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis)
  8. warts
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14
Q

4 diseases caused by a clostridial organism

A
  1. blackleg
  2. overeating disease
  3. tetanus
  4. malignant edema
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15
Q

5 metabolic diseases

A
  1. displaced abomasum
  2. laminitis
  3. retained placenta
  4. ketosis
  5. milk fever
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16
Q

7 diseases with a color in their name

A
  1. black leg
  2. blue tongue
  3. pinkeye
  4. red nose
  5. red water
  6. white heifer disease
  7. white muscle disease
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17
Q

10 zoonotic diseases

A
  1. brucellosis
  2. cowpox
  3. cryptospirosis
  4. leptospirosis
  5. listeriosis
  6. q-fever
  7. rabies
  8. ringworm
  9. salmonellosis
  10. tuberculosis
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18
Q

proper name for ketosis

A

acetonemia

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19
Q

proper name for mad cow disease

A

bovine spongiform encephalopathy

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20
Q

proper name for bang’s disease

A

brucellosis

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21
Q

proper name for twisted stomach

A

displaced abomasum

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22
Q

proper name for calving difficulty

A

dystocia

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23
Q

proper name for warts

A

fibropapellomatosis

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24
Q

proper name for milk fever

A

hypocalcemia

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25
Q

proper name for pinkeye

A

infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

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26
Q

proper name for red nose

A

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

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27
Q

proper name for founder

A

laminitis

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28
Q

proper name for circling disease

A

listeriosis

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29
Q

proper name for hairy heel warts

A

papillamatous digital dermatitis

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30
Q

proper name for Johne’s disease

A

paratuberculosis

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31
Q

proper name for milk fever (?)

A

pneumonic pasteurellosis

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32
Q

proper name for foot rot

A

pododermatitis

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33
Q

proper name for hardware disease

A

traumatic gastritis

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34
Q

Acidosis

A

metabolic disorder that often occurs when a dairy cow eats too much grain

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35
Q

acute, fever producing disease of cattle and sheep

A

blackleg

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36
Q

blackleg is caused by

A

clostridium chauvoei (bacteria)

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37
Q

blackleg most often occurs in ________ type of cattle during this time of year

A

pastured, spring/fall

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38
Q

when a cow cant belch

A

bloat

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39
Q

cows susceptible to bloat usually graze on….

A

rapidly growing legumes

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40
Q

2 gasses associated with bloat

A

CO2 and methane

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41
Q

BLV

A

bovine leukosis virus

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42
Q

transmitted by direct exposure with infected blood/saliva/semen/milk

A

BLV

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43
Q

signs of BLV

A

tumors in lymphoid tissues, enlarge lymph nodes, weight loss, decreased milk production, fever, loss of appetite, rear limb weakness/paralysis, protruding eyeballs, gastrointestinal obstructions, increased blood lymphocytes counts

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44
Q

brucellosis is caused by

A

brucella (bacteria)

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45
Q

brucellosis can cause

A

abortions, retained placentas, reduced milk yield, stillborn/weak calves, weight loss

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46
Q

test used to identify brucellosis

A

milk ring test

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47
Q

human equivalent of brucellosis

A

undulant fever

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48
Q

disease common in calves and poultry and characterized by chronic diarrhea

A

coccidiosis

49
Q

signs of coccidia in calves

A

watery scours with blood, dehydration, dull listlessness, weight loss, mucus in feces

50
Q

methods to control coccidiosis

A

accurate diagnosis and monitoring, limit stress, maintain sanitation, medicate

51
Q

drug that kills coccidia as they migrate through the intestine, interrupting the organism’s life cycle

A

coccidiocides

52
Q

drug that inhibits the living organisms growth and development, preventing them from reproducing

A

coccidiostats

53
Q

common cause of diarrhea in calves, causes diseas cryptosporidiosis

A

cryptosporidium parvum

54
Q

methods to reduce cryptosporidiosis

A

clean/dry areas for cows to calve, feed colostrum using a clean bottle, provide clean/dry pens for calves, allow pens to thoroughly dry between calves, feed and car for sick calves last

55
Q

when th abomasum moves positions inside the body cavity and twists

A

displaced abomasum

56
Q

most displaced abomasums are _______ sided, _____%

A

left, 80-90%

57
Q

fat cow syndrome

A

cow gains too much weight during late lactation or dry period

58
Q

problems associate with fat cow syndrome

A

displaced abomasum, mastitis, milk fever, fatty liver syndrome, metritis, retained placenta

59
Q

metabolic disorder associated with magnesium deficiency

A

grass tatany

60
Q

general term used to describe a situation where a piece of metal has been swallowed

A

hardware disease

61
Q

feed _______ to prevent hardware disease

A

magnet

62
Q

infection of small intestine

A

johne’s disease

63
Q

johne’s disease is caused by

A

mycobacterium paratuberculosis

64
Q

cattle with john’s disease are infected ________ but symptoms dont show up until _________

A

after birth, 2-4 years

65
Q

symptoms of johne’s disease

A

diarrhea, weight loss, general unthriftiness, death, soft swelling in jaw, susceptibility to other problems, substantial drops in milk production

66
Q

types of test for johne’s disease

A

tests that measure antibodies, tests that find the bacteria in manure by fecal culture

67
Q

condition in dairy cattle when there is an accumulation of ketones in the body

A

ketosis

68
Q

first signs of ketosis

A

not eating, ketone (acetone) smell on breath

69
Q

feed _________ to treat ketosis

A

propylene glycol

70
Q

prevent ketosis by adding ________ to feeds

A

niacin

71
Q

cows can show lameness because….

A

abscess, infection, soft sole syndrome, foot rot, injury, trimming too close

72
Q

reduce foot problems with

A

hoof trimming, foot baths

73
Q

substance used in a foot bath

A

copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, formalin

74
Q

most common treatment of foot rot

A

5% copper sulfate solution

75
Q

fatal brain disease of cattle

A

mad cow

76
Q

mad cow disease originated in

A

the UK

77
Q

caused by a deficiency of blood calcium related to an imbalance of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D

A

milk fever

78
Q

milk fever usually occurs within _______ hours of calving

A

72

79
Q

cows with a greater risk of having milk fever

A

old cows, fatty liver cows, jerseys

80
Q

treatment of milk fever

A

calcium glutamate IV

81
Q

toxin produced by fungus, especially a mold

A

mycotoxin

82
Q

members of the mycotoxin family

A

aflatoxin, zearalenone, ochratoxins, slaframine, fumonisin, trichothecenes

83
Q

symptoms of mycotoxins

A

abortions, poor response to therapy, cystic ovaries, rise in metabolic disease due to liver malfunction, silent heats, feed refusal, gastrointestinal upsets, unthriftiness, weight loss, infertility, no milk

84
Q

disease that causes abortions/birth of weak “dummy” calves

A

neosporosis

85
Q

neosporosis is caused by

A

neospora caninum

86
Q

definitive hose for the causative agent

A

dogs

87
Q

examples of external parasites

A

flies, lice, mites, mosquitoes, ticks

88
Q

lice are most trouble during _____ and _____

A

winter and spring

89
Q

types of flies

A

house fly, stable fly, face fly, horn fly, heel fly, deer fly

90
Q

face fly spreads

A

pinkeye

91
Q

heel fly is associate with

A

grubs or warbles

92
Q

house and stable flies need

A

heat, moisture, suitable breeding medium

93
Q

phases of a fly’s lifecycle

A

egg, larvae, pupa, adult

94
Q

most effective management of flies

A

sanitation

95
Q

types of internal parasites

A

lung worms, round worms, stomach worms, liver flukes, coccidia

96
Q

most economically detrimental parasite

A

brown stomach worm

97
Q

class of chemicals used to kill internal parasites

A

anthelminthics

98
Q

highly contagious infection of cornea or membrane lining of eye

A

pinkeye

99
Q

causative agent of pinkeye

A

moraxella bovis (bacteria)

100
Q

prevent pinkeye by

A

fly control, vaccination, clip pastures to prevent seed heat development

101
Q

causes of pneumonia in calves

A

poor ventilation, poor nutrition, wide range of ages in one pen, high humidity, over crowding, drastic temp changes, dirty pens

102
Q

organisms that can cause pneumonia

A

bacteria, mild, parasites, viruses, yeasts

103
Q

deadly viral infection mainly spread by infected animals

A

rabies

104
Q

cases of rabies are confirmed by

A

fluorescent antibody test of brain, injecting brain tissue into mice and observing

105
Q

contagious disease caused by a fungus, invades hair follicles and outer layer of skin

A

ringworm

106
Q

used to control ringworm

A

tincture of iodine

107
Q

disease in calves characterized by diarrhea, dehydration, unthriftiness

A

scours

108
Q

respiratory disease that develops after transportation

A

shipping fever

109
Q

excessive amount of lymph accumulates between skin and secretory tissue of udder

A

udder edema

110
Q

warts are caused by a

A

virus

111
Q

caused by a Vitamin e or selenium deficiency

A

white muscle disease

112
Q

morbidity rate

A

number of sick animals during a period of time

113
Q

mortality rate

A

number of dead animals during a period of time

114
Q

calfhood vaaccinations

A

blackleg, brucellosis, BVD, clostridia, IBR, lepto, malignant edema, PI-3, scours

115
Q

antibiotics

A

chemical agents given to kill or stop growth of bacteria

116
Q

ways of administering antibiotics

A

intramuscular injection, IV injection, intraperitoneal injection, intramammary infusion, intrauterine infusion, in a ration

117
Q

ideal location for most IV injections

A

jugular vein

118
Q

balling gun

A

used to give pills

119
Q

biosecurity

A

practices that protect herd from diseases/minimize spread of diseases

Dairy Judging (1 decks)

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