Chapter 12 - animal health Flashcards
0
Q
normal temp for adult dairy cow
A
101.5
1
Q
Normal temp for a dairy calf
A
102.5
2
Q
pulse rate for cow
A
60-70 bpm
3
Q
respiration rate for cow
A
30 bpm
4
Q
disease
A
change in normal state of the body (or one or more of its organs) which disturbs the proper performance of body functions
5
Q
pathogen
A
any microorganism that causes disease
6
Q
antibodies are also known as
A
immunoglobulins
7
Q
antibodies are
A
proteins synthesized by organs of the cows immune system that aid in the elimination of foreign substances such as microorganisms
8
Q
4 main immunoglobulin isotypes
A
IgA
IgE
IgG
IgM
9
Q
carrier
A
animal that is infected with a disease but has no clinical symptoms
10
Q
toxin
A
poison produced by microorganism that kills cells
11
Q
4 primary causes
A
environmental
genetic
infectious
metabolic
12
Q
infectious diseases result from the interplay of these 3 factors
A
- the animal and its ability to resist disease (immunity)
- an infectious agent (bacteria/virus/parasite)
- the environment
13
Q
8 diseases caused by a virus
A
- blue tongue
- BRSV (bovine respiratory syncytial virus)
- cow pox
- PI-3
- BLV (Bovine Leukosis virus)
- BVD (bovine virus diarrhea)
- IBR (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis)
- warts
14
Q
4 diseases caused by a clostridial organism
A
- blackleg
- overeating disease
- tetanus
- malignant edema
15
Q
5 metabolic diseases
A
- displaced abomasum
- laminitis
- retained placenta
- ketosis
- milk fever
16
Q
7 diseases with a color in their name
A
- black leg
- blue tongue
- pinkeye
- red nose
- red water
- white heifer disease
- white muscle disease
17
Q
10 zoonotic diseases
A
- brucellosis
- cowpox
- cryptospirosis
- leptospirosis
- listeriosis
- q-fever
- rabies
- ringworm
- salmonellosis
- tuberculosis
18
Q
proper name for ketosis
A
acetonemia
19
Q
proper name for mad cow disease
A
bovine spongiform encephalopathy
20
Q
proper name for bang’s disease
A
brucellosis
21
Q
proper name for twisted stomach
A
displaced abomasum
22
Q
proper name for calving difficulty
A
dystocia
23
Q
proper name for warts
A
fibropapellomatosis
24
proper name for milk fever
hypocalcemia
25
proper name for pinkeye
infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
26
proper name for red nose
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
27
proper name for founder
laminitis
28
proper name for circling disease
listeriosis
29
proper name for hairy heel warts
papillamatous digital dermatitis
30
proper name for Johne's disease
paratuberculosis
31
proper name for milk fever (?)
pneumonic pasteurellosis
32
proper name for foot rot
pododermatitis
33
proper name for hardware disease
traumatic gastritis
34
Acidosis
metabolic disorder that often occurs when a dairy cow eats too much grain
35
acute, fever producing disease of cattle and sheep
blackleg
36
blackleg is caused by
clostridium chauvoei (bacteria)
37
blackleg most often occurs in ________ type of cattle during this time of year
pastured, spring/fall
38
when a cow cant belch
bloat
39
cows susceptible to bloat usually graze on....
rapidly growing legumes
40
2 gasses associated with bloat
CO2 and methane
41
BLV
bovine leukosis virus
42
transmitted by direct exposure with infected blood/saliva/semen/milk
BLV
43
signs of BLV
tumors in lymphoid tissues, enlarge lymph nodes, weight loss, decreased milk production, fever, loss of appetite, rear limb weakness/paralysis, protruding eyeballs, gastrointestinal obstructions, increased blood lymphocytes counts
44
brucellosis is caused by
brucella (bacteria)
45
brucellosis can cause
abortions, retained placentas, reduced milk yield, stillborn/weak calves, weight loss
46
test used to identify brucellosis
milk ring test
47
human equivalent of brucellosis
undulant fever
48
disease common in calves and poultry and characterized by chronic diarrhea
coccidiosis
49
signs of coccidia in calves
watery scours with blood, dehydration, dull listlessness, weight loss, mucus in feces
50
methods to control coccidiosis
accurate diagnosis and monitoring, limit stress, maintain sanitation, medicate
51
drug that kills coccidia as they migrate through the intestine, interrupting the organism's life cycle
coccidiocides
52
drug that inhibits the living organisms growth and development, preventing them from reproducing
coccidiostats
53
common cause of diarrhea in calves, causes diseas cryptosporidiosis
cryptosporidium parvum
54
methods to reduce cryptosporidiosis
clean/dry areas for cows to calve, feed colostrum using a clean bottle, provide clean/dry pens for calves, allow pens to thoroughly dry between calves, feed and car for sick calves last
55
when th abomasum moves positions inside the body cavity and twists
displaced abomasum
56
most displaced abomasums are _______ sided, _____%
left, 80-90%
57
fat cow syndrome
cow gains too much weight during late lactation or dry period
58
problems associate with fat cow syndrome
displaced abomasum, mastitis, milk fever, fatty liver syndrome, metritis, retained placenta
59
metabolic disorder associated with magnesium deficiency
grass tatany
60
general term used to describe a situation where a piece of metal has been swallowed
hardware disease
61
feed _______ to prevent hardware disease
magnet
62
infection of small intestine
johne's disease
63
johne's disease is caused by
mycobacterium paratuberculosis
64
cattle with john's disease are infected ________ but symptoms dont show up until _________
after birth, 2-4 years
65
symptoms of johne's disease
diarrhea, weight loss, general unthriftiness, death, soft swelling in jaw, susceptibility to other problems, substantial drops in milk production
66
types of test for johne's disease
tests that measure antibodies, tests that find the bacteria in manure by fecal culture
67
condition in dairy cattle when there is an accumulation of ketones in the body
ketosis
68
first signs of ketosis
not eating, ketone (acetone) smell on breath
69
feed _________ to treat ketosis
propylene glycol
70
prevent ketosis by adding ________ to feeds
niacin
71
cows can show lameness because....
abscess, infection, soft sole syndrome, foot rot, injury, trimming too close
72
reduce foot problems with
hoof trimming, foot baths
73
substance used in a foot bath
copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, formalin
74
most common treatment of foot rot
5% copper sulfate solution
75
fatal brain disease of cattle
mad cow
76
mad cow disease originated in
the UK
77
caused by a deficiency of blood calcium related to an imbalance of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D
milk fever
78
milk fever usually occurs within _______ hours of calving
72
79
cows with a greater risk of having milk fever
old cows, fatty liver cows, jerseys
80
treatment of milk fever
calcium glutamate IV
81
toxin produced by fungus, especially a mold
mycotoxin
82
members of the mycotoxin family
aflatoxin, zearalenone, ochratoxins, slaframine, fumonisin, trichothecenes
83
symptoms of mycotoxins
abortions, poor response to therapy, cystic ovaries, rise in metabolic disease due to liver malfunction, silent heats, feed refusal, gastrointestinal upsets, unthriftiness, weight loss, infertility, no milk
84
disease that causes abortions/birth of weak "dummy" calves
neosporosis
85
neosporosis is caused by
neospora caninum
86
definitive hose for the causative agent
dogs
87
examples of external parasites
flies, lice, mites, mosquitoes, ticks
88
lice are most trouble during _____ and _____
winter and spring
89
types of flies
house fly, stable fly, face fly, horn fly, heel fly, deer fly
90
face fly spreads
pinkeye
91
heel fly is associate with
grubs or warbles
92
house and stable flies need
heat, moisture, suitable breeding medium
93
phases of a fly's lifecycle
egg, larvae, pupa, adult
94
most effective management of flies
sanitation
95
types of internal parasites
lung worms, round worms, stomach worms, liver flukes, coccidia
96
most economically detrimental parasite
brown stomach worm
97
class of chemicals used to kill internal parasites
anthelminthics
98
highly contagious infection of cornea or membrane lining of eye
pinkeye
99
causative agent of pinkeye
moraxella bovis (bacteria)
100
prevent pinkeye by
fly control, vaccination, clip pastures to prevent seed heat development
101
causes of pneumonia in calves
poor ventilation, poor nutrition, wide range of ages in one pen, high humidity, over crowding, drastic temp changes, dirty pens
102
organisms that can cause pneumonia
bacteria, mild, parasites, viruses, yeasts
103
deadly viral infection mainly spread by infected animals
rabies
104
cases of rabies are confirmed by
fluorescent antibody test of brain, injecting brain tissue into mice and observing
105
contagious disease caused by a fungus, invades hair follicles and outer layer of skin
ringworm
106
used to control ringworm
tincture of iodine
107
disease in calves characterized by diarrhea, dehydration, unthriftiness
scours
108
respiratory disease that develops after transportation
shipping fever
109
excessive amount of lymph accumulates between skin and secretory tissue of udder
udder edema
110
warts are caused by a
virus
111
caused by a Vitamin e or selenium deficiency
white muscle disease
112
morbidity rate
number of sick animals during a period of time
113
mortality rate
number of dead animals during a period of time
114
calfhood vaaccinations
blackleg, brucellosis, BVD, clostridia, IBR, lepto, malignant edema, PI-3, scours
115
antibiotics
chemical agents given to kill or stop growth of bacteria
116
ways of administering antibiotics
intramuscular injection, IV injection, intraperitoneal injection, intramammary infusion, intrauterine infusion, in a ration
117
ideal location for most IV injections
jugular vein
118
balling gun
used to give pills
119
biosecurity
practices that protect herd from diseases/minimize spread of diseases
