Chapter 12 and 13

Question 1

public speaking

Answer 1

includes a speaker who has a reason for speaking and an audience that gives the speaker attention, and a message that is meant to accomplish a specific purpose

Question 2

persuasive speeches

Answer 2

intended to influence the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of your audience ( could reafirm existing attitudes, beliefs and behaviors)

Question 3

informative speeches

Answer 3

aim to increase your audiences understanding or knowledge by presenting new, relevant, and useful information
could explain process, plan, describe objects or places, or characterize a particular state of affairs.

Question 4

special occasion speeches

Answer 4

use the principles of both informative and persuasive speaking for special occasions, such as introducing a speaker, accepting an honor or award, presenting an memorial , or celebrating an achievement

Question 5

audience analysis

Answer 5

highly systematic process of getting to know your listeners relative to the topic and speech occasion- critical step in speech process

Question 6

demographics

Answer 6

the systematic study of the quantifiable characteristics of a large group

Question 7

adapting to your audience

Answer 7

• consider audience motivation
• seek common ground
• determine prior exposure
• consider disposition
• • observe people
• -get to know people
• -survey and interview your audience
• -use the web

Question 8

brainstorming

Answer 8

amassing information, thinking creatively, and consider problems and solutions related to your topic

Question 9

clustering

Answer 9

technique for identifying potential speech topics

start with a core idea, from which the writer branches out into a web of related ideas

Question 10

specific purpose statement

Answer 10

express both the topic and the general speech purpose in action form and in terms of the specific objectives you hope to achieve with your presentation

Question 11

thesis statement

Answer 11

a statement that conveys the central idea or core assumption about your topic- must clearly summarize what you want your audience to get out of the the speech

Question 12

expert testimony

Answer 12

the opinion or judgement of an expert, a professional in his or her field

Question 13

lay testimony

Answer 13

the opinion of a nonexpert who has personal experience or witnessed an event related to your topic

Question 14

scientific research findings

Answer 14

carry a lot of weight with audiences, particularly if your topic is related to medicine, health, media, or the environment

Question 15

anecdotes

Answer 15

brief, personal stories that have a point or punch line

Question 16

quotations

Answer 16

repeating the exact words of another person, are usually most effective when they are brief

Question 17

networking

Answer 17

making connections with people you don’t know through people you know

Question 18

surveys

Answer 18

involve soliciting answers to a question or series of questions related to your topic from a broad range of individuals

Question 19

library gate way

Answer 19

collections of databases and information sites arranged by subject, generally reviewed and recommended by experts

Question 20

directory

Answer 20

secondary resource, creaed and maintainedb y people rather than computers, will guide you to the main page of a web side organized within a wider subject category

Question 21

meta search engine

Answer 21

a search engine that scans multiple search engines simultaneously

Question 22

credibility

Answer 22

the quality, authority, and reliability of the source you use

Question 23

plagiarism

Answer 23

the crime of presenting someones else’s words, ideas, or intellectual property as your own, intentionally or unitentionally

Question 24

running bibliography

Answer 24

a list of resources you’ve been consulted

Question 25

basic rules for ethical speaking require:

Answer 25

trustworthiness- be honest
respect- treating people right
responsible- consider the topic and purpose of the speech
fair- present alternative and opposing views to the audience

Question 26

main points

Answer 26

the central claims that support your specific speech purpose and your thesis statement

Question 27

subpoints

Answer 27

provide support for the main points

Question 28

chronological pattern

Answer 28

presents the main points in a message forward( or backward) in a systematic, time-related fashion

Question 29

topical pattern

Answer 29

based on organization into categories such as persons, places, things, or processes.

Question 30

spatial pattern

Answer 30

arranges main points into terms of their physical proximity to or position in relation to each other

Question 31

problem- solution pattern

Answer 31

dramatizing an obstacle and then narrowing alternative remedies down to the one that you recommend

Question 32

cause- effect pattern

Answer 32

you attempt to organize the message around the cause-to-effect or the effect-to-the cause relationships

Question 33

narrative pattern

Answer 33

tie in points together in a wa that presents a vivid story, complete with characters, settings, plot, and imagery

Question 34

motivated sequence pattern

Answer 34

created more than seventy years ago by the noted public speaking scholar Alan Monroe

1) attention- the speaker gains the interst of the audience
2) Need- the speaker addresses an unmet need apparent to the audience
3) satisfaction- the speaker proposes a solution that satisfies the need
4) visualization- the speaker illustrates how the solution meets the need
5) action- the speaker demonstrates how the solution may be implemented

Question 35

transitions

Answer 35

sentences that connect different points, thoughts, and details in a way that allows them to flow naturally form one to the next

Question 36

signposts

Answer 36

key words or phrases within sentences that signify transitions between points

Question 37

internal previews

Answer 37

prime the audience for the content immediately ahead

Question 38

internal summaries

Answer 38

summarize what was just said

Question 39

use language that works

Answer 39

respect audience
keep it simple
use vivid language
incorporate repetition, allusion, and comparisons

Question 40

sentence outline

Answer 40

offers the full text of your speech

Question 41

phrase outline

Answer 41

takes parts of sentences and uses those phrases as instant reminders of what the point or subpoint means

Question 42

key word outline

Answer 42

briefest possible outline

Question 43

preparation outline

Answer 43

draft that you will use and probably revisit an devise continually throughout the prep of your speech

Question 44

speaking outline

Answer 44

delivery outline, outline used during speech

Question 45

delivery cues

Answer 45

brief reminders about important information related to the delievery of your speech that are for your eyes only

Question 46

oral citations

Answer 46

the references to a source materials that you mention in the narrative of your speech