Chapter 12 and 13 Flashcards
what is a nonchord tone
a tone, either diatonic or chromatic, that is NOT a member of the chord
passing tone
- approached by step
- left by step in same direction
- abbreviated: p
neighbor tone
- approached by step
- left by step in opposite direction
-abbreviated: n
suspension
- approached by same tone
- left by step DOWN
- abbreviated: s & #
suspension numbers
9-8, 7-6, 4-3, and 2-3
how do you determine the number of a suspension?
count from the bass up to the suspended note and then from the bass to the resolved note
what is special about 2-3 suspensions?
only happen in the bass
what is a chain of suspensions
when the resolution of one suspension serves as the preparation for another
retardation
- approached by same tone
- left by step UP
- abbreviated: r
are NCTs indicated in figured bass?
only suspensions
what is the figured bass symbols for suspensions?
9-8: 9 8
7-6: 7 6
4-3: 4 3 or 4#
2-3: 5/2 under 1st bass note; 6 under next
what is an accented NCT
occurs on a strong beat or stronger portion of the beat
appoggiatura
- accented
- approached by leap
- left in step usually in opposite direction
- abbreviated: app
escape tone
- approached by step
- left by leap in opposite direction
- abbreviated: e
what are appogguaturas and escape tones also referred to as?
incomplete neighbor
neighbor group
- approached and left by same tone
- appoggiatura to escape tone or escape tone to appoggiatura in between
anticipation
- approached by step or leap to a pitch that is in the anticipated chord but not present in the chord that preceded it
- left by same tone
- abbreviated: ant
free anticipation
- approached and left by leap
- not left by same tone
- abbreviated: free ant.
pedal point
- approached and left by same tone
- sustains THROUGH a harmony change
- abbreviated: ped.
inverted pedal point
- when the pedal point occurs in a part other than the bass
double pedal point
- the pedal point contains more than one pitch class
can a pedal point contain rests?
YES
