Chapter 12 Flashcards
Durable exclusive relationship between male and female
Pair bond
A female receptive posture in quadruceps where the hind quarters are raised and the tail is moved to one side
lordosis
A temporary change in behavior due to hormone injection
activational effect
Hypothalamus area involved in eating and sexual behavior
Ventral medial hypothalamus
region of the brainstem reticular formation implicated in sleep and modulation of spinal reflexes
Paragigantocellular nucleus
A portion of the amygdala that receives olfactory and pheromonal information
medial amygdala
Terminating pregnancy and absorbing the fetus in the presence of a new male
The bruce effect
Offspring that are born underdeveloped state and depend on their parents for care
Altricial offspring
Refferring to animals that are born in a relatively developed state and are able to survive with little maternal care
Precocial
Two females are surgically joined, sharing blood and hormones
Parabiotic operation
Hormones involved in pregnancy or post pregnancy behaviors
prolactins, estrogen, progesterone
Area that regulates maternal behavior
Antroventral pariventricular nucleus
Process by which the initial decision for a fetus to become male or female is made
Sexual determination
Undifferentiated gonads of the vertebrate fetus that will eventually become testes or ovaries
indifferent gonads
Gene on the y chromosome that directs the gonads to become testes
SRY gene
Ducts that will develop into male sexual structures: epididymis, vans deferens, and seminal vesicles
Wolffian ducts
Embryonic ducts that will become female reproductive structures: oviduct, uterus and inner vagina
Mullerian ducts
Androgen that is principally responsible for the masculinization of external genitalia in mammals
Dihydrotestoterone
One x chromosome condition, underdeveloped but recognizable ovaries
Turner’s syndrome
Any of several genetic mutations that result in female embryo being exposed to adrenal adrogens, which result in a clitoris that is larger than normal
Congential andrenal hyperplasia
A syndrome caused by mutations to the androgen receptor gene that renders tissue insensitive to androgenic hormone like testosterone, phenotypic females with internal testes and regressed internal genital structures
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Nicknames for individuals who are raised as girls until they become boys at age 12 (no DHT)
guevedoces
Permanent changes on the brain and thus behavior from sexual sterois in utero
Organizational effects
Chemical process that converts testosterone to estradiol and other androgens to estrogens
aromatization
Enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen
aromatase
Blood protein that binds to estrogen and prevents it from entering the brain
a-fetoprotein
Phenomenon of males and females showing pronounced differences in appearance
sexual dimorphism
A group of motor neurons of the spinal nucleus of the the bulbocavernous that innervate striated muscles controlling the penis
Spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus
BC motor neurons in male mammals
Onuf’s nucleus
Rare medical condition in which XY individuals don’t develop a penis
cloacal exstrophy
virgin birth
parthenogenesis
fertilized egg
zygote
period where females are sexually receptive
estrus
thrust of penis into vagina
intromission
species specific behavior that establish maintain or promote sexual interaction
appetitive behavior
Referring to a state in which an animal advertises its readiness to mate through species typical behavior
proceptive
