Chapter 12

Question 1

First clinically available benzodiazepine drug
treatment of anxiety, procedural sedation and anesthesia adjunct, anticonvulsant therapy and skeletal relaxation, orthopedic injury or surgery

Answer 1

Diazepam (Valium)

Question 2

intermediate-acting benzodiazapine
normally induces sleep within 20 to 40 minutes
long onset so its not recommended that patients take an hour before going to bed
effective hypnotic, it has been replaced by newer drugs

Answer 2

Temazepam (Restoril)

Question 3

Most commonly used for preoperatively and for moderate sedation
Ability to cause amnesia, reduced anxiety as well as sedation
Helps patients to feel as less anxious about and avoid remembering, uncomfortable medical procedures
Normally given by injection

Answer 3

Midazolam (Versed)

Question 4

Protypical barbituate and classified as long acting
Prevention of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and fever induced convulsions
Rarely used as a sedative and no longer recommended to be used as a hypnotic drug

Answer 4

Phenobarbital

Question 5

available in a 5 mg and 10 mg dose and extended release formulation
CENTRALLY acting muscle relaxant that is structurally and pharmologically related to the tricyclic antidepressants
Not commonly used to reduce spasms following musculoskeletal injuries

Answer 5

Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)

Question 6

Drugs that reduce nervousness, excitability and irritability WITHOUT causing sleep

Answer 6

Sedatives

Question 7

Cause sleep; more potent CNS effect than sedatives

Answer 7

Hypnotics

Question 8

Commonly prescribed drug class with favorable drug effect profiles
DO NOT depress respirations
Can either be used as a sedative-hypnotic or anxiolytic

Answer 8

Benzodiazapines

Question 9

SHORT ACTING nonbenzodiazapine hypnotic
Very short half-life
Can take more than one dose as long as its 4 hours before they must arise

Answer 9

Sonata

Question 10

Short acting nonbenzodiazapine hypnotic and its relatively short half life contribute to lower incidences of daytime sleepiness
Concern with sleeping walking
One form of this drug is FDA approved for long term use

Answer 10

Ambien (Ambien CR)

Question 11

first hypnotic to be FDA approved for long term use
Designed to provide a full 8 hours of sleep
Considered a short to intermediate acting agent

Answer 11

Lunesta

Question 12

New mechanism of action

Structurally similar to the hormone melatonin

Answer 12

Rozerem

Question 13

antidote to benzodiazapines

Answer 13

Flumazenil

Question 14

Habit forming; Narrow therapeutic index

USED to be the standard drug for insomnia and sedation

Answer 14

Barbituates

Question 15

Used to help a barbituate overdose

Answer 15

Activated Charcoal

Question 16

What happens if herbals such as kava and valerian are taken with barbituates?

Answer 16

Further CNS depression

Question 17

Act to relieve pain associated with skeletal muscle spasms

Answer 17

Muscle Relaxants

Question 18

Site of action of relaxant is the CNS

Answer 18

central-acting

Question 19

Relaxant acts directly on skeletal muscle

Answer 19

direct-acting

Question 20

Only direct-acting muscle relaxant

Used for malignant hyperthermia crisis

Answer 20

Dantrolene (Dantrium)

Question 21

Drowsiness is a __________ of muscle relaxants

Answer 21

Adverse effect