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Psychology Exam 4 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Matching Hypothesis

A

males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners

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2
Q

Similarity effects

A

people do better in relationships when they are similar

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3
Q

Reciprocity effects

A

liking those who show that they like you

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4
Q

inferences that people draw about the causes of events

A

attributions

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5
Q

Ex) son banged up car due to carelessness

A

internal attributions

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6
Q

Ex) son banged up car due to bad weather

A

external attributions

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7
Q

what is an example of internal-stable causes

A

ability or intelligence

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8
Q

what is an example of external-unstable causes?

A

luck, chance, opportunity

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9
Q

environmental or external permanent reasons for an outcome

A

external-stable causes

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10
Q

personal temporary reasons why something happened

A

internal-unstable causes

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11
Q

example of external-stable causes

A

task difficultly

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12
Q

environmental or external temporary reasons for an outcome

A

external-unstable causes

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13
Q

example of internal-unstable causes

A

effort, mood,fatigue

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14
Q

personal permanent causes for an outcome

A

internal-stable causes

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15
Q

who came up with the Model of Attribution Theory?

A

Bernard Weiner

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16
Q

this error refers to observer’s bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining other’s behavior

A

Fundamental Attribution Error

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17
Q

widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group

A

Stereotype

18
Q

preconceived opinion or attitude a person has that is not based on reason or actual experience

A

Prejudice

19
Q

treating someone differently because of thier membership to a particular group

A

Discrimination

20
Q

True or False: Prejudice is an implicit attitude

A

True

21
Q

what is a explicit attitude

A

attitudes that one holds consciously and can readily describe

22
Q

what is an implicit attitude

A

are covert attitudes that are expressed in subtle autonomic responses over which one has little conscious control

23
Q

a group that one belongs to and identifies with

A

ingroup

24
Q

a group that one does not belong to or identify with

A

outgroup

25
Q

the tendency to attribute one’s success to personal factors and one’s failures to situational factors

A

Self-Serving Bias

26
Q

True or False: Self-Serving Bias grows weaker as time passes from said event

A

False

27
Q

expectations about a person cause us to treat the person a certain way and then cause the person to behave in ways that confirm the expectations

A

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

28
Q

What is Defensive Attributions

A

blaming the victim

29
Q

what is Confirmation Bias?

A

seeking information that supports one’s beliefs while not pursuing dis-confirming information

30
Q

when a belief and an experience don’t add up, ex) when you meet someone that goes against their stereotype

A

Cognitive Dissonance

31
Q

when you give a verbal and physical yes

A

consent

32
Q

when you say yes but on the inside your saying no

A

compliance

33
Q

What is the By-stander Effect ?

A

People are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups rather than when they are alone

34
Q

a reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups compared to when they work alone

A

Social Loafing

35
Q

how can you decrease social loafing ?

A

smaller group size, and identify individual work

36
Q

widely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are supposed to behave

A

social roles

37
Q

what man ran the prison social experiment when random college student radically fell into harsh social roles based on their environment

A

Phillip Zimbardo

38
Q

what was learned from Stanley Milgram’s “Teacher/Learner” experiment ?

A

that strong pressure from an authority figure can make decent people do indecent things to others

39
Q

what are men looking for in women?

A

youthfulness and physical attractiveness because that is associated with greater reproductive potential

40
Q

what do women look for in men?

A

mate’s ambition, social status, and financial potential because these traits should be associated with the ability to invest material resources in children

41
Q

learned helpfulness

A

a passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable averse events - occurs when individuals believe that events are beyond their control

Psychology Exam 4 (1 decks)

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