Chapter 12 Flashcards
Matching Hypothesis
males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners
Similarity effects
people do better in relationships when they are similar
Reciprocity effects
liking those who show that they like you
inferences that people draw about the causes of events
attributions
Ex) son banged up car due to carelessness
internal attributions
Ex) son banged up car due to bad weather
external attributions
what is an example of internal-stable causes
ability or intelligence
what is an example of external-unstable causes?
luck, chance, opportunity
environmental or external permanent reasons for an outcome
external-stable causes
personal temporary reasons why something happened
internal-unstable causes
example of external-stable causes
task difficultly
environmental or external temporary reasons for an outcome
external-unstable causes
example of internal-unstable causes
effort, mood,fatigue
personal permanent causes for an outcome
internal-stable causes
who came up with the Model of Attribution Theory?
Bernard Weiner
this error refers to observer’s bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining other’s behavior
Fundamental Attribution Error
widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group
Stereotype
preconceived opinion or attitude a person has that is not based on reason or actual experience
Prejudice
treating someone differently because of thier membership to a particular group
Discrimination
True or False: Prejudice is an implicit attitude
True
what is a explicit attitude
attitudes that one holds consciously and can readily describe
what is an implicit attitude
are covert attitudes that are expressed in subtle autonomic responses over which one has little conscious control
a group that one belongs to and identifies with
ingroup
a group that one does not belong to or identify with
outgroup
the tendency to attribute one’s success to personal factors and one’s failures to situational factors
Self-Serving Bias
True or False: Self-Serving Bias grows weaker as time passes from said event
False
expectations about a person cause us to treat the person a certain way and then cause the person to behave in ways that confirm the expectations
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
What is Defensive Attributions
blaming the victim
what is Confirmation Bias?
seeking information that supports one’s beliefs while not pursuing dis-confirming information
when a belief and an experience don’t add up, ex) when you meet someone that goes against their stereotype
Cognitive Dissonance
when you give a verbal and physical yes
consent
when you say yes but on the inside your saying no
compliance
What is the By-stander Effect ?
People are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups rather than when they are alone
a reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups compared to when they work alone
Social Loafing
how can you decrease social loafing ?
smaller group size, and identify individual work
widely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are supposed to behave
social roles
what man ran the prison social experiment when random college student radically fell into harsh social roles based on their environment
Phillip Zimbardo
what was learned from Stanley Milgram’s “Teacher/Learner” experiment ?
that strong pressure from an authority figure can make decent people do indecent things to others
what are men looking for in women?
youthfulness and physical attractiveness because that is associated with greater reproductive potential
what do women look for in men?
mate’s ambition, social status, and financial potential because these traits should be associated with the ability to invest material resources in children
learned helpfulness
a passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable averse events - occurs when individuals believe that events are beyond their control
