Chapter 12 Flashcards
Texas Revolt
- Santa A. gave up power to lead Mexicans
- Austin led Texans, who lost Alamo battle
Santa Anna
President 4x, hated between each
Battle of San Jacinto
- Houston captured Santa Anna (he was hated after)
- Deal: if San An was released, Texas would be independent
Santa Anna after
Wanted revenge, resigned again to lead troops
Who won the Mexican-American War?
America
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
MX gave up a lot of land to America (California and SW)
Benito Juarez
Reformer in Mexico- 3 Ideas
1.Redistribute the land 2. Separate church and state 3.education
Napoleon III
Wealthy Mexicans didn’t like Juarez and wanted French to rule, they did
Juarez Returned
Put La Reforma into action, then died
Diaz
A caudillo, ruled until Madero
Pancho Villa
“Robin Hood” in north. Had a peasant army to push Diaz out
Zapata
South, peasant army leader
Madero
wanted to run for president. Elected, but resigned
Huerta
Took over after Madero resigned, but overthrown
Carranza
- killed Zapata, took over and wanted a new constitution
- Decided against it bc less power, overthrown
Obregon
- Reformer, took over after Carranza
- Good dictator
- Won elections fairly, assassinated
Peonage
forced labor system in Latin America with vouchers
Caudillos
Military dictators that ruled in LA for 20-30 years (political instability)
Sarmiento
a reformer in Latin America
What helped Latin America earn more money?
new trade items, like refrigeration, that increased exports
Why did Latin America continue to have problems?
They did not spend their money industrializing and took loans from foreign businesses
Monroe Doctrine
Stated that the Western Hemisphere was closed to colonization
Spanish-American War
Cuba wanted independence, US helped and created a two front war for Spain and won
Roosevelt
- offered Panama 10 mil per year to build canal
- Sent navy into Panama to win independence from Colombia
Panama Canal
Panama gave 10 mile land to US to build canal, thanking for ind. Bad diseases
Roosevelt Corollary
stated that US had the right to act as an international police in the Western
hemisphere
Perry
took warships into Japan Harbor and a nice letter from Filmore
Treaty of Kanagawa
opened two ports to the us because the threat of gunships
What was Mutsuhito’s reign called?
Meiji Era, “enlightened”
Mutsuhito
- took power back from shoguns
- modernized Japan quickly
Hands Off Agreement
no military in Korea (China and Japan)
Sino-Japanese War
Because Korean king asked China for help, but Japan thought it was a violation of the HO Agreement
-Japan won over China
What did Japan win from the Sino-Jap war?
Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands
Russo-Japanese War
Japan won and gained power and land from the Treaty of Portsmouth
Treaty of Portsmouth
Gave Korea to Japan and power
Korea
Protectorate- local leaders ruled by Japan
-Annexed and then went down because assimilation
What did the Qing empire get illegally from the British?
Opium, since the Euros had nothing the Chinese wanted.
-smuggled
Opium War
British crushed Qing
Treaty of Nanjing
Great Britain got Hong Kong after Opium War
Taiping Rebellion
Peasants took southern China
- food shortages
- many deaths
Open Door Policy
US wanted China to be open to everyone so no one could colonize it
- Trade
- Euros demanded extraterritorial rights(did not follow Chinese law)
Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists
Nickname:Boxers
- did not like Europeans changing things or Christians
- Beijing: boxers tried to starve the euros out
Did the boxers/Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists have help from Chinese government?
Verbal support, but no help
World Tour
Chinese were sent to get ideas for their country
- they decided on a constitutional monarchy
- communists took over before reforms
