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The Central Nervous System > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

involved in sounding out unfamiliar words

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2
Q

Broca’s area

A

speech preparation and production

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3
Q

Lateral prefrontal cortex

A

language comprehension and word analysis

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4
Q

Lateral and ventral temporal lobe

A

coordinate auditory and visual aspects of language

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5
Q

General (Common) Interpretation Area

A
  • Found in one hemisphere, usually the left

* defined region including parts of the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes

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6
Q

Visceral Association Area

A
  • Located in the cortex of the insula

* Involved in conscious perception of visceral sensations

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7
Q

Lateralization

A

each hemisphere has abilities not shared with its partner

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8
Q

Cerebral dominance

A

designates the hemisphere dominant for language

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9
Q

Left hemisphere

A

controls language, math, and logic

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10
Q

Right hemisphere

A

controls visual-spatial skills, emotion, and artistic skills

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11
Q

Cerebral White Matter

A

Consists of deep myelinated fibers and their tracts

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12
Q

Commissures

A

connect corresponding gray areas of the two hemispheres

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13
Q

Association fibers

A

connect different parts of the same hemisphere

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14
Q

Projection fibers

A

enter the hemispheres from lower brain or cord centers

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15
Q

Basal Nuclei

A

Masses of gray matter found deep within the cortical white matter

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16
Q

corpus striatum is composed of three parts

A
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Lentiform nucleus – composed of the putamen and the globus pallidus
  • Fibers of internal capsule running between and through caudate and lentiform nuclei
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17
Q

Functions of Basal Nuclei

A
  • Influence muscular activity
  • Regulate attention and cognition
  • Regulate intensity of slow or stereotyped movements
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18
Q

Diencephalon

A

Central core of the forebrain

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19
Q

Diencephalon

three paired structures

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

20
Q

Thalamus

A

Paired, egg-shaped masses that form the superolateral walls of the third ventricle

21
Q

Thalamic Function

A

Afferent impulses from all senses converge and synapse in the thalamus

22
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Located below the thalamus

23
Q

Hypothalamic Function

A

Regulates blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract motility, rate and depth of breathing, and many other visceral activities

24
Q

Endocrine Functions of the Hypothalamus

A

Releasing hormones control secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary

25
Q

Epithalamus

A

Most dorsal portion of the diencephalon; forms roof of the third ventricle

26
Q

Brain Stem

three regions

A

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

27
Q

Brain Stem

A
  • Similar to spinal cord but contains embedded nuclei

* Controls automatic behaviors necessary for survival

28
Q

Midbrain Location

A

Located between the diencephalon and the pons

29
Q

Midbrain Structures

A

Cerebral peduncles
Cerebral aqueduct
Various nuclei

30
Q

Midbrain Nuclei

A

Nuclei that control cranial nerves III (oculomotor) and IV (trochlear)

31
Q

Corpora quadrigemina

A

four domelike protrusions of the dorsal midbrain

32
Q

Superior colliculi

A

visual reflex centers

33
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

auditory relay centers

34
Q

Substantia nigra

A

functionally linked to basal nuclei

35
Q

Red nucleus

A

largest nucleus of the reticular formation; red nuclei are relay nuclei for some descending motor pathways

36
Q

Pons

A

Bulging brainstem region between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata

37
Q

Pons Cont.

A

Origin of cranial nerves V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), and VII (facial)

38
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Most inferior part of the brain stem

39
Q

Inferior olivary nuclei

A

gray matter that relays sensory information

40
Q

Vestibular nuclear complex

A

synapses that mediate and maintain equilibrium

41
Q

Cardiovascular control center

A

adjusts force and rate of heart contraction

42
Q

Respiratory centers

A

control rate and depth of breathing

43
Q

The Cerebellum

A
  • Located dorsal to the pons and medulla

* Makes up 11% of the brain’s mass

44
Q

Anatomy of the Cerebellum

A

Two bilaterally symmetrical hemispheres connected medially by the vermis

45
Q

Each hemisphere has three lobes

names?

A

anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular

46
Q

Cerebellar Cognitive Function

A
  • Plays a role in language and problem solving

* Recognizes and predicts sequences of events

The Central Nervous System (1 decks)

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