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AP Huge Servics and Settements > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Define service

A

Any activity that fulfills a human want/need in exchange for $

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2
Q

What sector of the economy do services fall under?

A

Tertiary sector

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3
Q

Define settlement

A

A permanent collection of buildings + people living there

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4
Q

What distribution must services follow?

A

Proximity to the market

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5
Q

What are three subdivisions of the service sector of the economy?

A
  1. Consumer services
  2. Business services
  3. Public services
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6
Q

Define consumer services

A

Providing services to individual consumers who desire them and can afford to pay for them

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7
Q

What are the 4 main types of consumer services, and provide an ex. for each

A
  1. Retail+whole sale: grocers, dep. stores, car salesmen
  2. Education services: teachers
  3. Health+social services: Doctors offices, nursing homes
  4. Leisure+hospitality: restaurants, bars, lodging
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8
Q

Define business services

A

Services that facilitate the activities of other businesses

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9
Q

What are three types of business services, and provide an ex. of each

A
  1. Professional services: law, engineering, accounting
  2. Financial sevices: AKA F.I.R.E-Finance, insurance, real estate, banks
  3. Trans.+info. services: Trucking to publishing
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10
Q

Define public services

A

Providing security and protection for citizens and businesses

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11
Q

State changes in # of employees b/w 1975-2010 in business services

A
  • Jobs expanded most rapidly in prof. services

- Jobs grew more slowly in finance+trans. services b/c less amt. of workers are required, improved efficiency

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12
Q

State changes in # of employees b/w 1975-2010 in consumer services

A
  • rapid increase=provision of health care. ex: hospital staff, clinics, nursing homes
  • other large increase in: education, entertainment, recreation
  • no increase in retail
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13
Q

Explain how the service sector contributed to the 2008 recession

A

-rapid rise in real estate prices=speculators get properties+resell at higher price -poor judgment in lending $ by fin. instit. -poor credit=high risky loans

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14
Q

Define central place theory

A

Selecting the right location for a new shop to maximize profit

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15
Q

What does central place theory seek to explain?

A

How the most profitable location can be found

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16
Q

Define central place

A

A market center for the exchange of goods+services by people attracted from the surrounding area

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17
Q

What is a market place?

A

The are surrounding a service from which customers are attracted

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18
Q

What other term is sometimes used to refer to a market area?

A

Hinterland

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19
Q

What shape does central place their hypothesize for market area? Why?

A

Hexagon, it represents a compromise b/w circles+squares has no gaps

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20
Q

Define range

A

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service

21
Q

List services with long ranges and services with shorter ranges

A
  • Long ranges: concerts, professional ball games, unique things
  • Shorter ranges: groceries, pharmacies, convenience stores
22
Q

Define threshold

A

The minimum # of people needed to support the service

23
Q

Not all people within a market are can be ounted when determining location of a service by considering its threshold. Explain how this is so, and give ex.’s

A

Some services only apply to certain groups of people. Ex: Movies attract younger people, amusement parks attract families, night clubs attract crazy people. ;)

24
Q

Small settlements have service with _____ thresholds, _____ ranges and _____ market areas.

A

-Small thresholds -short ranges -small market area

25
Q

Larger settlements have _____ thresholds, ranges and market areas

A

larger

26
Q

What must smaller neighborhoods in larger neighborhoods do also?

A

Provide services that have small thresholds and ranges

27
Q

Who created the original study in central place theory? Where?

A

Walter Christaller, southern Germany

28
Q

Who documented the central place theory phenomenon in the U.S. Where?

A

Brian Berry in the Mid west

29
Q

In MDC’s, the pattern of cities follows the rank-size-rule. What is it?

A

The country’s nth largest settlement is 1/n the pop. of the largest settlement. -where settlements are ranked from largest to smallest

30
Q

If the largest city in a country is more than twice the size of the second city, it is said to be what?

A

A primate city

31
Q

According too geographers, where is the best location for a service?

A

Proximity to customers

32
Q

The gravity model helps explain this as the optimal location is _____ related to the # of people in the area and ______ related to the distance they must travel.

A

directly, inversely

33
Q

What two patterns are reflected by consumer behavior?

A
  1. The greater # of people living in a particular place, the greater is the # of potential customers
  2. The farther people are from a particular service, the less likely they are to use it
34
Q

Define periodic market

A

Provides goods to residents of LDC’s. Ex: flea market

35
Q

What groups of people and areas are provided goods by periodic markets?

A

Residents of LDC’s, rural areas in MDC’s, where pop. is sparse and people have low income

36
Q

Explain why business services are disproportionately concentrated in global cities

A

Global cities are most closely integrated into the global economic system b/c they are at the center flow of info+capital

37
Q

Bullet major characteristics of global cities

A
  1. Headquarters of large corps. 2. Prof. clusters in global cities 3. Centers for finance
38
Q

What functions do offshore centers provide, and explain each?

A
  1. Taxes-taxes on income, profits+capital gains are typically low or non existent
  2. Privacy-banks secrecy laws can help individuals+businesses evade disclosure
39
Q

Where is a prominent example of on offshore center?

A

The Cayman Islands

40
Q

What are typical back-office functions?

A

Insurance claims processing, payroll management, transcription work

41
Q

Why have LDC’s been able to attract back offices?

A
  1. Low wages- considered low in MDC’s but high in LDC’s

2. Ability to speak English- The ability to speak English in a foreign country is valuable

42
Q

Define basic industry

A

Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement

43
Q

Define non basic industry

A

Enterprises whose customers live in the same community-essentially consumer services

44
Q

What is the economic base of a community?

A

A community’s unique collection of basic industries

45
Q

Explain how a basic industry creates new types o jobs.

A

Exporting brings in $ into the local economy, stimulating attraction of that area

46
Q

Cleceland’s economic base during the industrial rev…

A

steel

47
Q

Cleveland’s economic base in post-industrial society is…

A

health services ex: hospitals, clinics

48
Q

Baltimore’s economic base during the industrial rev…

A

fabricated steel products

49
Q

Baltimore’s economic base in post-industrial society is…

A

Biotech.

AP Huge Servics and Settements (1 decks)

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