Chapter 12 Flashcards
Bishop
Head of christian community in each city
Bishop of Rome, Jerusalem, Antioch and Alexandria had more power
Wergild
Fine given to wrongdoers.
Alternative to fighting and family rivalries
Bishop of rome
Pope
Claimed he was the sole leader of the Catholic Church
Monks.
Man cut off from world
Completely devoted to god,
Obedient and prayed often
Benedictine rule
Rule of st Benedict
He who Founded monasticism
Monasticism
Monk hood
Complete devotion to god created by st Benedict
Charlemagne
King of the franks
Very skilled in intelligence but couldn’t read
Carolingian empire
Empire created by Charlemagne.
Expanded Frankish kingdom
Missi Dominici
Messengers of The Lord king
Ensured kings wishes were fulfilled
Vikings
Barbaric people
Fought and stayed in tribes.
Threatened civilizations
Feudalism
Organization
Lords ruled vassals, had armies of them
Fief
Piece of land held from The Lord by a vassal
They worked on it and fought in war in exchange for housing and protection.
Lord
Ruler of vassals
Had personal armies of them.
Vassal
Worker/laborer/soldier
Worked for lords and got protection
Knight
Warrior of chain armor
Institution of knighthood united them to lords
William the conqueror
(William of Normandy)
Defeated king Harold
Crowned king of England.
Combined Anglo Saxon and Norman institutions.
Henry II
King of England
Enlarged monarchal power c
Parliament
Group assigned to consent taxes.
Composed of two knights from each city.
Estates general.
First French parliament
Little real power
Holy Roman Empire
Empire created by Frederick I and II
Italy was center
Emperors Struggled with pope for power
Carucca
Wheeled plow pulled by horses.
Made farming easier
Manorial system
A manor was owned by a lord and ran by serfs
Serfs worked on demesne
Peasants
Poor people
Worked on farms for entire lifetimes and generations
Part of the manorial system
Trade
Exchange of one product for another
Brought cultural diffusion and interactions between people
Cities
Walled town with merchants and job opportunities
Peasants left manors to live here
Unsanitary and contained plague
Great schism.
Two popes were elected.
Because of majority of popes were French
Divided Europe
Papacy at Avignon
Residency of the pope was in Avignon
Avignon was influenced by France, and many popes were French.
Lay investiture
Secular rulers chose nominees to church offices
This brought a disagreement between the church and state rulers.
Concordat of worms.
Compromise between Henry IV and pope Gregory the 7th
A bishop would now be elected by church officials, and then paid homage to the state ruler.
Cistercian order
Strict lifestyle of religion
Monks had a strict diet and way of life in general.
Universities
Rich males could now receive an education
This brought more job opportunities and made everyone susceptible to new ideas, which spread faster.
Scholasticism
System of medieval schools
Tried to harmonize church teachings with philosophy.
Thomas aquinas
Saint
Most famous for attempts of scholasticism
Gothic architecture
Combination of ribbed vaults and pointed arches
Used flying buttresses
The crusades
War over the royal lands
Complete failure for Catholics, who were promised heaven for fighting.
Black Death
Deadly disease
Killed thousands,
No one knew what was happening
Pope was turned to for answers, had none.
Hundred year war
Declared by England because of land feud.
France vs England
