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History Final > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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0
Q

Bishop

A

Head of christian community in each city

Bishop of Rome, Jerusalem, Antioch and Alexandria had more power

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1
Q

Wergild

A

Fine given to wrongdoers.

Alternative to fighting and family rivalries

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2
Q

Bishop of rome

A

Pope

Claimed he was the sole leader of the Catholic Church

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3
Q

Monks.

A

Man cut off from world
Completely devoted to god,
Obedient and prayed often

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4
Q

Benedictine rule

A

Rule of st Benedict

He who Founded monasticism

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5
Q

Monasticism

A

Monk hood

Complete devotion to god created by st Benedict

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6
Q

Charlemagne

A

King of the franks

Very skilled in intelligence but couldn’t read

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7
Q

Carolingian empire

A

Empire created by Charlemagne.

Expanded Frankish kingdom

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8
Q

Missi Dominici

A

Messengers of The Lord king

Ensured kings wishes were fulfilled

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9
Q

Vikings

A

Barbaric people
Fought and stayed in tribes.
Threatened civilizations

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10
Q

Feudalism

A

Organization

Lords ruled vassals, had armies of them

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11
Q

Fief

A

Piece of land held from The Lord by a vassal

They worked on it and fought in war in exchange for housing and protection.

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12
Q

Lord

A

Ruler of vassals

Had personal armies of them.

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13
Q

Vassal

A

Worker/laborer/soldier

Worked for lords and got protection

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14
Q

Knight

A

Warrior of chain armor

Institution of knighthood united them to lords

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15
Q

William the conqueror

A

(William of Normandy)
Defeated king Harold
Crowned king of England.
Combined Anglo Saxon and Norman institutions.

16
Q

Henry II

A

King of England

Enlarged monarchal power c

17
Q

Parliament

A

Group assigned to consent taxes.

Composed of two knights from each city.

18
Q

Estates general.

A

First French parliament

Little real power

19
Q

Holy Roman Empire

A

Empire created by Frederick I and II
Italy was center
Emperors Struggled with pope for power

20
Q

Carucca

A

Wheeled plow pulled by horses.

Made farming easier

21
Q

Manorial system

A

A manor was owned by a lord and ran by serfs

Serfs worked on demesne

22
Q

Peasants

A

Poor people
Worked on farms for entire lifetimes and generations
Part of the manorial system

23
Q

Trade

A

Exchange of one product for another

Brought cultural diffusion and interactions between people

24
Q

Cities

A

Walled town with merchants and job opportunities
Peasants left manors to live here
Unsanitary and contained plague

25
Q

Great schism.

A

Two popes were elected.
Because of majority of popes were French
Divided Europe

26
Q

Papacy at Avignon

A

Residency of the pope was in Avignon

Avignon was influenced by France, and many popes were French.

27
Q

Lay investiture

A

Secular rulers chose nominees to church offices

This brought a disagreement between the church and state rulers.

28
Q

Concordat of worms.

A

Compromise between Henry IV and pope Gregory the 7th

A bishop would now be elected by church officials, and then paid homage to the state ruler.

29
Q

Cistercian order

A

Strict lifestyle of religion

Monks had a strict diet and way of life in general.

30
Q

Universities

A

Rich males could now receive an education

This brought more job opportunities and made everyone susceptible to new ideas, which spread faster.

31
Q

Scholasticism

A

System of medieval schools

Tried to harmonize church teachings with philosophy.

32
Q

Thomas aquinas

A

Saint

Most famous for attempts of scholasticism

33
Q

Gothic architecture

A

Combination of ribbed vaults and pointed arches

Used flying buttresses

34
Q

The crusades

A

War over the royal lands

Complete failure for Catholics, who were promised heaven for fighting.

35
Q

Black Death

A

Deadly disease
Killed thousands,
No one knew what was happening
Pope was turned to for answers, had none.

36
Q

Hundred year war

A

Declared by England because of land feud.

France vs England

History Final (4 decks)

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