Chapter 12 Flashcards
The physical and cognitive changes people experience as they age are:
a. cultural
b. maturational
c. psychological
d. flexible
b. maturational
The newer distinct group of emerging adults is due to:
a. slower cognitive maturation
b. new physical developments
c. a lack of cultural guidelines
d. a delayed movement into adulthood
d. a delayed movement into adulthood
Which developmental stage brings with it the most changes and the most demands?
a. Young adulthood
b. Middle adulthood
c. Emerging adulthood
d. Older adulthood
a. Young adulthood
The first signs of physical aging, such as wrinkles, appear during which developmental stage?
a. Young adulthood
b. Middle adulthood
c. Older adulthood
d. Late adulthood
b. Middle adulthood
Scientific evidence supports which of the following claims regarding exercise in adulthood?
a. Some physical activity is better than none
b. Cognitive training in a controlled setting leads to improvement in everyday memory tasks
c. Casual gaming improves cognitive abilities in older adults
d. Exercising more than 150 minutes per week increases risk of heart attack
a. Some physical activity is better than none
What is the biggest predictor for quality of life for adults under age 65?
a. Gender
b. Health
c. Age
d. Socioeconomic status
d. Socioeconomic status
How is age related to quality of life?
a. Quality of life increases with age
b. Quality of life decreases with age
c. Quality of life fluctuates with age
d. Quality of life is unrelated to age
a. Quality of life increases with age
Older adults’ scores on cognitive tests improve relative to the number of:
a. social roles they have
b. hours they work
c. advanced degrees they hold
d. biological children they have
a. social roles they have
Adults who are __________ healthy show warmth, compassion, and productivity.
a. biologically
b. culturally
c. sociologically
d. psychologically
d. psychologically
According to Vaillant and Vaillant (1990), what best predicts health and adjustment at age 63?
a. Health and adjustment at midlife
b. Happy childhood
c. Access to health resources
d. Race and gender
a. Health and adjustment at midlife
Branson has always assumed he would go into the family business when he graduated from college,
but during his senior year, he decides to apply to dental school instead. This change reflects which
task of emerging adulthood?
a. Positive instability
b. Identity exploration
c. Focusing on the self
d. Imagining possibilities
b. Identity exploration
Felicity loves to ski, so she decides to drop out of college for a couple of years to become a ski
instructor. She informs her parents that this is the only time in her life she can have this type of
freedom. Felicity is exemplifying which task of emerging adulthood?
a. Focusing on the self
b. Positive instability
c. Imagining possibilities
d. Identity exploration
d. Identity exploration
In her early 30s, Arabella has just become a mother to twins and is taking a year off from work to stay
home. According to Erikson, which of the following would be an effective way for her to handle
these changes?
a. Create a network of friends
b. Focus on self-identity
c. Find ways to have positive instability by trying new hobbies
d. Become individualistic, not worrying about roles
a. Create a network of friends
What is an example of the detribalization that is common during middle adulthood?
a. Paxton works extra hours at the office to qualify for a larger bonus
b. Raul takes a local BBQ class at the rec center to learn some new cooking techniques
c. Christen decides to enroll in a French class, even though none of her friends are interested
d. Zoe remarries a man who already has two grown children
c. Christen decides to enroll in a French class, even though none of her friends are interested
Who is likely to be the most satisfied with his work and marriage?
a. Colin, a 59-year-old
b. Muhammad, a 21-year-old
c. Randall, a 34-year-old
d. Matt, a 72-year-old
a. Colin, a 59-year-old
What can be inferred from the transition to older adulthood?
a. Roles disappear
b. Roles become more flexible
c. Roles become more static
d. Roles become more demanding
b. Roles become more flexible
Harry, a 77-year-old, is retired and interacts only with his wife of 40 years and his grown children. He
spends much of his time at the park or working on his model railroads. According to Henry and
Cumming (1961), Harry is:
a. retiring
b. disengaging
c. transitioning
d. developing
b. disengaging
Which of the following is an example of selective optimization with compensation?
a. Astrid, a 90-year-old, is still able to knit sweaters for her great-grandchildren
b. Naji, an 81-year-old, happily spends his time reading the newspaper and surfing the Internet
c. Anika, a 77-year-old who used to run marathons, now takes long walks in the park that are
less painful with her arthritis
d. Silas, an 83-year-old, serves on the board of directors for the local hospital
c. Anika, a 77-year-old who used to run marathons, now takes long walks in the park that are
less painful with her arthritis
Who is most likely to be considered “successfully aging”?
a. Anita, a 59-year-old who eats a Mediterranean diet and practices yoga three times a week
b. Adam, a 38-year-old who plays brain games every evening after he walks his dog
c. Charlotte, a 52-year-old who eats a keto-diet and has many hobbies
d. Christopher, a 64-year-old who enjoys dining on take-out and spending time alone
a. Anita, a 59-year-old who eats a Mediterranean diet and practices yoga three times a week
Which characteristics seem important in determining a positive outcome following disequilibrium?
a. Role satisfaction and neuroticism
b. Disengagement and individuation
c. Intellectual flexibility and extraversion
d. Positive instability and religious practices
c. Intellectual flexibility and extraversion
Who is more likely to report a higher quality of life?
a. Steve, a 67-year-old man who reads autobiographies of presidents
b. Marta, a 64-year-old woman who is involved with her church group and also runs 5Ks
regularly
c. June, a 68-year-old woman who has given up knitting due to arthritis
d. Martin, a 70-year-old man who has retired and maintains his vegetable gardens
b. Marta, a 64-year-old woman who is involved with her church group and also runs 5Ks
regularly
Kanya is a warm, compassionate woman who enjoys conversations with her childhood friends. She
takes their happiness seriously and feels responsible as a friend. Kanya is demonstrating good
__________ health.
a. cultural
b. psychological
c. biological
d. psychosocial
b. psychological
People with ___________ levels of psychological health have __________ levels of life satisfaction.
a. higher; higher
b. higher; lower
c. lower; lower
d. lower; higher
a. higher; higher
Octavio is about to turn 66 and retire from his career at the post office. What is the most significant
indicator that will suggest this new stage of his life will be happy and successful?
a. How carefree and fun Octavio’s emerging adulthood was
b. How warm and loving Octavio’s family was during childhood
c. How happy and successful Octavio was at midlife
d. How committed and dedicated Octavio’s spouse has been
c. How happy and successful Octavio was at midlife
