Chapter 12 Flashcards
What did Griffith discover?
He founded the transformation and discovered different strands including the R- strand and S- strand
What are genes made of?
?
What did Avery discover?
He discovered that DNA are genes, not protein
What did Hershey and Chase discover?
They have discovered radioactive DNA in transformed cells. They also discovered that bacteriophages were the genetic material in DNA.
What did Avery’s team do trying to result transformation?
Destroyed everything except DNA and then kept everything but destroyed DNA
What is bacteriophage?
The kind of virus that infects bacteria
What is DNA?
A nucleic acid made up of nucleotides joined into long strands or chains by covalent bonds.
What is DNA nucleotides made up of?
- 5 carbon sugar called deoxyribose
- A phosphate group
- A nitrogenous base
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
AT
GC
What did Rosalind Franklin discover?
She used an X-Ray diffraction and discovered the double helix in DNA
What did Watson and Crick contribute?
They made the finished model of the DNA structure
What time does DNA polymerase play in copying DNA?
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to proud a new strand in DNA
What happens in the replication of DNA process?
- DNA unzips and 2 strands unwind
- Unwound strands of DNA serve as templates of new DNA
- DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the old, template strands
- DNA polymerase proofread a the new strands
What is a telomere?
The end of the chromosome
What does telomeres do?
They shorten the age during the replication process
What is telomerase?
It is an enzyme that adds short, repeats DNA sequences to telomeres. It protects telomeres from becoming shorter
What is the telomeres role in cancer cells?
There are very little telomeres causing it to divide uncontrollably
Where are prokaryotic cells replication located?
Cell membrane (center)
How many eukaryotes cells replicate begin at?
Dozens or even hundreds
How are the strands in a double helix model?
They are antiparallel and run in opposite directions
What happens when the DNA unzips?
They break the hydrogen bonds between base pairs and unwinding the two strands of the molecule
What is transformation?
When one type of bacteria had been changed permanently into another.
Thymine is?
Sugar + phosphate which is a nucleotide
Cytosine is?
Sugar- base
