Chapter 12 - 17 (Foreign Affairs In The Young Nation - Mexicano Contributions To The Southwest)

Question 1

Andrew Jackson

Answer 1

An American general famous for his victory in the Battle of New Orleans and being the 7th president of the US

Question 2

Barbary States

Answer 2

Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli ; know as pirates and thieves of American ships in the US

Question 3

Impressment

Answer 3

The British captured American sailors and forced them to work and serve in the British navy

Question 4

Battle of New Orleans

Answer 4

General Andrew Jackson and 7,000 militiamen defended New Orleans against 7,500 British troops ; one of the most important battle in the War of 1812 because they were fighting for the center of trade in the US

Question 5

Monroe Doctorine

Answer 5

A policy stating that Europeans should not get involved in the colonization of the Americas

Question 6

Era of Good Feelings

Answer 6

A nickname for the 8 years James Monroe was president of the US ; Americans greeted him warmly and they felt it was a “new period of national unity”

Question 7

John Marshall

Answer 7

A Supreme our justice appointed by John Adams in 1801 ; made extremely important decisions in court and made major impacts on American history

Question 8

John James Audubon

Answer 8

A naturalist and artist ; the first American artist to be internationally famous

Question 9

Washington Irving

Answer 9

A writer famous for his “enchanted stories” ; one of the first well-known American writers

Question 10

James Fenimore Cooper

Answer 10

A writer famous for his stories about people’s adventures in the wilderness who became known worldwide

Question 11

The spoils system

Answer 11

The practice of rewarding political supporter with government jobs ; seen when Jackson replaced Republicans in his Cabinet with his Democratic friends and supporters

Question 12

Tariff

Answer 12

A tax imposed by the government on goods imported from another country ; the main issue in the US in 1828

Question 13

Nullification Crisis

Answer 13

John C Calhoun and South Carolinians proclaimed their right to nullify the tariffs (nullification), Jackson and Congress passed the Force Bill allowing the federal army to collect tariffs, South Carolina backed down but tensions grew

Question 14

Secede

Answer 14

To withdraw from an organization or alliance ; South Carolina threatened to secede from the US during the nullification crisis

Question 15

Bank of the United States

Answer 15

A bank with a monopoly of federal deposits, partially owned by the federal government ; another issue forced on Jackson

Question 16

Trail of Tears

Answer 16

The name of the Native Americans’ journey west ; 17,000 Cherokee were forces from their homes and 4,000 died on the trip

Question 17

Manifest Destiny

Answer 17

“Obvious fate” ; a time in America mostly in the 1830s and 1840s in which many Americans believed it was God’s plan for America to expand and take control of the whole continent

Question 18

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 18

The exchange of the Louisiana Territory for $15 million between the US (Thomas Jefferson) and France (Napoleon Bonaparte) in 1803

Question 19

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 19

A French ruler ; convinced Spain to return Louisiana to France ; sold Louisiana to America in the Louisiana Purchase

Question 20

Corps of Discovery

Answer 20

The group of explorers including Lewis and Clark who searched for a northwest passage, discovered new species, made good relations with Native Americans

Question 21

Sacagawea

Answer 21

A Native American woman famous for her inclusion and incredible help to Lewis and Clark and the Corps of Discovery

Question 22

James Polk

Answer 22

The 11th president of the US ; famous for his participation in the Manifest Destiny (made a compromise with Britain for half of the Oregon Country, started the war with Mexico)

Question 23

Oregon Territory

Answer 23

Disputed land between American and British claims ; divided in half at the 49th parallel in the compromise ratified in 1846

Question 24

“Fifty-four or fight”

Answer 24

A slogan used in the 1844 presidential campaign ; reference to the 54th parallel between British and US claims ; meaning the US would annex all of the Oregon Territory

Question 25

Florida

Answer 25

Secretary John Quincy Adams convinced President James Monroe to give Spain 2 options (“govern or get out”) after years of raids, Spain yielded

Question 26

Texas War for Independence

Answer 26

War between Sam Houston’s Texans and Santa Anna’s Mexican troops, The Texans won but Mexicans did not accept their victory

Question 27

The Alamo

Answer 27

A mission in Texas ; served as a key point in the Texas War of Independence

Question 28

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 28

Signed in 1848 between the US and Mexico ; Mexico agreed to give up Texas in return for $15 million

Question 29

Gadsden Purchase

Answer 29

Exchange of $10 million for a strip of Mexican land (later served as a good railroad route)

Question 30

Californios

Answer 30

Spanish-speaking Californians ; faced many hardships (lack of communication, paid soldiers, skilled officials, and the attention of Mexican government) ; left legacies (“opened California up to to the world,” introduced crops, named present day cities)

Question 31

Missionaries

Answer 31

People sent to new places to promote their religion ; faced hardships (few converters, measles, Indian attacks) ; left legacies (opened the west coast up to settlement)

Question 32

Mountain men

Answer 32

Fur trappers in the Rocky Mountains ; faced hardships (attacked by fur thieves, Indians, wolves, and bears, diseases, and fatal accidents) ; left legacies (routes became Oregon and California trails, trading posts turned to supply stations, still tell their stories)

Question 33

Mormons

Answer 33

Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints ; faced hardships (persecuted, tough journey) ; left legacies (pioneered farming methods, planted faith in Utah desert)

Question 34

Pioneer Women

Answer 34

Mostly wives and mothers searching for a new opportunity in the west ; faced hardships (little wagon space, lot of work, diseases, many accidents, prairie fires, buffalo stampedes, freezing weather, little water) ; left legacies (settlement turned into public places, paved the way for equal treatment of women)

Question 35

49ers

Answer 35

Mostly Americans who moved to California during the gold rush ; faced hardships (tough journey, frequent fights, tedious work, diseases) ; left legacies (California became first state in the west, pave the way for economic opportunity)

Question 36

Rodeo

Answer 36

The roundup and branding of cattle ; essential in order to differentiate between owners and because cattle ranching became the biggest industry in California

Question 37

Batea

Answer 37

A gold pan ; introduced to American gold miners by Mexicanos

Question 38

Arrastra

Answer 38

Grinding mill used to crush rock to easily remove gold

Question 39

Veranda

Answer 39

A roofed porch or balcony extended along the outside of the building ; allowed Mexicanos to spend time outside but not in the sun

Question 40

Vaqueros

Answer 40

Cowboys who rounded up and branded cattle