Chapter 12

Question 1

A contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus

Answer 1

Avoidance Contingency

Question 2

A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a negative reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more negative reinforcers

Answer 2

Conditioned Negative Reinforcer

Question 3

A contingency in which responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer

Answer 3

Discriminated Avoidance

Question 4

A contingency in which a response terminates an ongoing stimulus

Answer 4

Escape Contingency

Question 5

A contingency in which responses at any time during an interval prior to the scheduled onset of an aversive stimulus delays the presentation of the aversive stimulus

Answer 5

Free-operant Avoidance

Question 6

A contingency in which the occurrence of a response is followed immediately by the termination, reduction, postponement, or avoidance of a stimulus, and which leads to an increase in the future occurrence of similar responses

Answer 6

Negative Reinforcement

Question 7

A stimulus that functions as a negative reinforcer as a result of the evolutionary development of the species; no prior learning is involved

Answer 7

Unconditioned Negative Reinforcer