Chapter 12-16.3 Flashcards
any condition that interferes with the normal functioning of the body
Disease
The six abiotic factors
Wind, Water, Radiation, Temperature, Soil, Atmosphere
the study of how living things interact with one another and with their physical environment
Ecology
an organism’s environment or home
Habitat
the thin layer of the earth’s surface in which life exists
Biosphere
the basic unit of ecology
Ecosystem
the smallest living unit of the biosphere
Organism
all of the living things in an ecosystem
Community
the conditions in which an organism will survive and do better overall than any other conditions
Optimum Range
any factor outside an organism’s tolerance range
Limiting Factor
any organism that eats only plants
Herbivore
any organism that only eats meat
Carnivore
a model used by ecologists to show all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level
Food Web
a model used by ecologists to show the nutritional relationships among organisms in an ecosystem
Food Chain
another name for the water cycle
Hydrologic Cycle
a biome with long harsh winters with freezing temperatures, snow, ice, and high winds
Arctic Tundra
a form of grassland found in the tropics; home to some of the most dangerous animals
Savanna
a biome with high mountain altitudes with little to no vegetation but lacking permafrost
Alpine Tundra
biome that extends from the East Coast of the US to the border of the grasslands in the Midwestern US; large trees and diverse animal species
Temperate Deciduous Forest
a biome that has prairies and plains with very fertile soil
Grasslands
a biome where more water evaporates than is given from precipitation
Desert
south of the tundra with lots of coniferous trees to make up the vegetation
Northern Coniferous Forest
a biome made up of mostly saltwater
Marine
a biome with hot humid regions with abundant rainfall and year round growing season
Tropical Rainforest
where a river meets with the ocean (salt water mixes with freshwater)
Estuary
man’s role in nature
Dominion
using what was given without destroying it
Stewardship
living organisms that move from place to place in their environment mainly for the purpose of food
Animals
they don’t move; the environment moves toward them
Sessile
capable of moving themselves throughout their environment
Motile
type of symmetry that can be cut in half evenly multiple ways
Radial
property of being able to be cut into identical halves
Symmetry
no symmetry at all
Asymmetry
type of symmetry where one way symmetry (can be cut in half evenly)
Bilateral
Mammal Characteristics
Hair
Warm-blooded
Milk
Two pairs of limbs
Lungs
means “egg laying”
Oviparous
means they give birth to live young
Viviparous
the largest living land mammal
(African) Elephant
made of ivory; enlarged incisor teeth
Tusks
order that means “tubed teethed”; aardvark
Tubulodentata
order of egg-laying mammals; echidna and platypus
Monotremata
order of aquatic mammals; manatees and dugongs
Sirenia
order that means “strange joints”
Xenarthra
order of pouched mammals
Marsupials
order of winged mammals; bats
Chiroptera
order of tree-dwelling mammals
Primates
order of small gnawing mammals;
Rodentia
order of flying lemurs
Dermoptera
“little armored one”
Armadillo
means active at night
Nocturnal
means active during the day
Diurnal
the slowest land mammal
Ai (sloth)
the scaly anteater
Pangolin
the largest marsupial
Kangaroo
the only marsupial outside of Australia
Opossum
what bats use to locate their prey at night
Echolocation
whales that have two rows of comb-like plates
Baleen
the largest animals that have ever lived
Blue Whale
the best way to control the rat population
Sanitation
a tail designed for grasping objects
Prehensile
the world’s largest rodent
Capybara
any disease-causing organism
Pathogen
the most common type of immunological disease
Allergies
a disease present at birth
Congenital disease
caused by the runaway of growth of the body’s own cells
Cancer
the three main bacterial shapes
Spirilla, Cocci, Basilli
a person who harbors pathogens of a disease but is not infected by the disease and can still pass the disease on to others
Carrier
an animal that transmits disease
Vector
an epidemic (a widespread disease) that affects a large portion of the earth
Pandemic
British doctor who established the use of antiseptics
Joseph Lister
Y-shaped protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses, including those that cause disease.
Antibodies
the liquid inside a lymph node/vessel
Lymph
the largest lymph organ
Spleen
causes AIDS
HIV
type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
Antibiotics
the idea that something can come from nothing
Spontaneous Generation
the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth
Evolution
the father of human anatomy
Vesalius
Bible
Galen
Materialism
law that states that living things can only come from other living things
Law of Biogenesis
Scientism
the way one views the world
World View
Uniformitarianism
