chapter 12 Flashcards
what is the atomic mass number
number of protons + number of neutrons
how is thermal energy related to temperature in an ideal gas
it is directly proportional
what is pressure at a microscopic scale
particles collide with the wall and create a continous force
when is there a net pressure force
when there is a pressure difference between two sides of a surface
If you increase the temperature of a gas, what happens to the pressure
it increases, the particles move more quickly and collide with the wall more often
if you decrease the volume of the container what happens to the pressure
you increase the number of collisions with the walls of the container, this increases the pressure
if you increase the number of particles in a container, what happens to the pressure
there are more frequent collisions with the walls of the container, this increases the pressure
how is a constant volume process represented in a pV diagram
a single vertical line
what is an isobaric process
it is a process with a constant unchanging pressure
how is a constant pressure process shown on a pV diagram
it is a horizontal line
what is an isothermal process
it is a process where the temperature is constant
how does isothermal compression work
a piston is submerged in a large container of liquid held at a constant temperature, if we push the piston slowly, the heat transfer will keep the gas at the same temperature as the surrounding liquid
when does a gas do work
when they expand they push against the piston
for a constant pressure process, what is the area under the pV graph
it is the work done by the gas
what is the condition for volume for a gas to do work
the volume must change
if the gas expands, what does this mean about the work being done by the gas
the work is positive (volume increases) and energy is transferred out of the system so the energy decreases
if the gas compresses, what does this mean about the work bekng done by the gas
the work is negative, the volume decreases and energy is transferred into the system so the energy increases
“work being done on gas”
what is an adiabatic process
a process where heat is not transferred so Q=0
what is an adiabatic expansion
it lowers the temperature of a gas (positive work is done by the gas)
what is an adiabatic compression
it raises the temperature of a gas (negative work is done by the gas)
what is thermal expansion
it is the expansion of a material when heated
what is the specific heat
it is the amount of heat that is needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of that substance by 1K
when you heat ice, what happens to the temperature until its melting point
it will warm without melting until it reaches 0 Celsius. At this temperature, it will got through and phase change and the temperature will not change until it has phase changed entirely
what is the melting point
it is the temperature when the solid becomes a liquid
what is the freezing point
it is the temperature when a liquid becomes a solid
what is the condensation point
it is the temperature when a gas becomes a liquid
what is the boiling point
it is where a liquid becomes a gas
what is phase equilibrium
A system at the melting point is in phase equilibrium, meaning that any amount of solid can coexist with any amount of liquid. Raise the temperature ever so slightly and the entire system soon becomes liquid. Lower it slightly and it all becomes solid.
what is a phase change characterized by
it is characterized by a change in thermal energy without a change in temperature
what is the heat of transformation
it is the heat energy required for a phase change
what is the heat of fusion
it is the heat of transformation between a solid and a liquid
what is the heat of vaporization
it is the heat of transformation between a liquid and a gas
what is calorimetry
it is the measure of the heat transferred between systems and the surroundings
What quantity is needed to understand how much energy is released when a gas becomes a liquid?
The latent heat of vaporization
What quantity is needed to understand how much energy is absorbed when a solid becomes a liquid?
The latent heat of fusion
What are the units for latent heat of vaporization?
J/kg
What are the units for specific heat?
J/(kg*K)
if we expand the volume in a constant pressure process, what happens to the temperature
it increases the work done on the gas is negative but the heat flow is positive
if we compress the volume of a gas in a constant pressure process, what happens to the temperature
it decreases, the work done on the gas is positive but the heat flow is negative
