Chapter 12 Flashcards
Uplands
hills or very low mountains that may also contain mesas and high plateaus
Fjord
steep U-shaped valleys that connect to the sea and that filled with seawater after the glaciers melted
Meseta
low mountain areas of Brittany in France, and the central plateau of Spain
Massif Central
one-sixth of French lands are located in the uplands
Peat
partially decayed plant matter found in bogs
North Atlantic Drift
current of warm water from the tropics, flows near Europe’s west coast
Mistral
cold, dry wind from the north
sirocco
hot, steady south wind that blows from North Africa across the Mediterranean Sea into Southern Europe
Dikes
earthen banks
polder
Land that is reclaimed by diking and draining
seaworks
structures that are used to control the sea’s destructive impact on human life
Terpen
high earthen platforms
Zuider Zee
was an arm of the North Sea and is now a freshwater lake
Ijsselmeer
saltwater flowed into that body of water, it eventually became a freshwater lake.
City state
political unit made up of a city and its surrounding lands
Republic
government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name
Crusades
series of wars to take the Holy Land from the Muslims
Renaissance
which began in the Italian city-states, was a time of renewed interest in learning and the arts that lasted from the 14th through 16th centuries
Aqueducts
structures that carried water for long distances, and Muslim mosques, places of
worship
Benelux
countries of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg have their own cultures
Reformation
period when many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches
Feudalism
was a political system in which powerful lords owned most of the land
Nationalism
belief that people should be loyal to their nation, the people with whom they share land, culture, and history
Holocaust
program of mass murder of two-thirds of European Jews and the murder of other minorities
Berlin Wall
Divided
Nordic countries
Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden
Parliament
is a representative lawmaking body whose members are elected or appointed
Silicon Glen
section of Scotland betweenGlasgow and Edinburgh
Euro
common currency of Europeans
Slobodan Milošević
“tried to increase Serbia’s power over the rest of Yugoslavia”
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South Slavs
“group of South Slavs (the Croats, the Slovenes, and the Serbs) formed its own kingdom.
”
Excerpt From: Daniel D. Arreola, Marci Smith Deal, James F. Petersen & Rickie Sanders. “Geography.” v2.0. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012. iBooks.
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ethnic cleansing
“policy of trying to eliminate an ethnic group through violence”
Excerpt From: Daniel D. Arreola, Marci Smith Deal, James F. Petersen & Rickie Sanders. “Geography.” v2.0. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012. iBooks.
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Kla
Kosovo Liberation Army
Vojislav Kostunica
“Yugoslav people elected a reform leader”
Excerpt From: Daniel D. Arreola, Marci Smith Deal, James F. Petersen & Rickie Sanders. “Geography.” v2.0. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012. iBooks.
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Cyanide
Deadly poison
European Environmental Agency
“provides the EU with reliable information about the environment”
Excerpt From: Daniel D. Arreola, Marci Smith Deal, James F. Petersen & Rickie Sanders. “Geography.” v2.0. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012. iBooks.
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particulates
“very small particles of liquid or solid matter”
Excerpt From: Daniel D. Arreola, Marci Smith Deal, James F. Petersen & Rickie Sanders. “Geography.” v2.0. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012. iBooks.
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smog
“brown haze that occurs when the gases released by burning fossil fuels react with sunlight to create hundreds of harmful chemicals”
Excerpt From: Daniel D. Arreola, Marci Smith Deal, James F. Petersen & Rickie Sanders. “Geography.” v2.0. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012. iBooks.
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ozone
“form of oxygen that causes health problems.
”
Excerpt From: Daniel D. Arreola, Marci Smith Deal, James F. Petersen & Rickie Sanders. “Geography.” v2.0. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012. iBooks.
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