Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ornithology Final Exam > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Shorebirds of North America flashcards
1
Q

What kind of sex determination do birds have?

A

Multiple’ indicates involvement of more than one pair of chromosomes in sex determination.
TSD: temperature-dependent sex determination

Egg determines offspring, not sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which sex is heterogametic?

A
  • females (ZW)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which sex is homogametic?

A
  • Male (ZZ)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

HPG axis

A
  • the cascade of hormones that trigger reproductive behavior, involved in negative feedback loop
  • includes: Hypothalamus, Anterior pituitary, Gonads
  • Hypothalamus releases GnRH to Anterior Pituitary, anterior pituitary releases LH and FSH to testes for testosteron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many testes do males have?

A
  • 2, Paired abdominal testes lying cranioventral to the first kidney lobe
  • paired to seminal vesicles: store sperm just prior to mating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do testes differ in the breeding season compared to the rest of the year?

A

Testes increase dramatically in size as the breeding season approaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the seminiferous tubules?

A

The seminiferous tubules are tiny channels located in the male testicles, where the production, maturation and transport of the sperm cells takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does testes size vary with mating system?

A
  • Testes size is significantly larger in species that breed colonially than in species
    that breed solitarily
  • Higher breeding density is associated with greater sperm competition
  • structural differences in spermatozoa characterize the orders of birds
  • Yellow rumped Warbler has curly fry shaped sperm
  • Blue Ground Dove has longer, thin and straight sperm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HPG axis (females)

A
  • includes Hypothalamus, Anterior Pituitary, and Gonads
  • Hypothalamus releases GNRH to anterior pituitary, anterior pituitary releases FSH and LH to Ovary
  • Estrogen will be created and ovary will have negative feedback loop alongside HPG axis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many ovaries do females typically have?

A
  • only one left ovary and oviduct(4 sections) in most species
  • 2 in most falconiformes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the cloacal protuberance?

A

Cloacal protuberances develop in breeding male passerines to store sperm and assist in copulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do male anseriformes differ from other avian males?

A
  • have a penis that is seasonally grown for breeding season, cloacal phallus
  • much more prominent than other avian species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are sperm storage tubules?

A
  • ejaculated sperm located between vagina a uterus before fertilization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name layers of the avian egg

A
  • Shell
  • Shell membranes: inner, outer
  • Albumen: liquid, dense
  • Vitelline membrane (yolk sac): white yolk, yellow yolk
  • Chalazae
  • Amniotic membrane: Chorion, Allantois, Chorioallantoic membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Shell

A
  • has inner and outer shell membrane
  • Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)and tiny concentrations of magnesium and phosphate
    salts
  • protect the egg from bacterial invasion and help prevent water loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Albumen

A
  • liquid, dense
  • Has outer liquid, dense albuminous sac, and inner liquid
  • 90% water, 10% protein - the embryo’s water
    supply
  • Help protect the embryo
17
Q

Vitelline membrane

A
  • yolk sac, includes white and yellow yolk
  • includes neck of latebra and latebra (center of yolk)
  • white yolk has more protein, yellow yolk has more fat
  • 21%-36% lipids
  • 16-22% proteins
18
Q

Chalazae

A
  • protein fibers that anchors yolk
19
Q

Amniotic membrane

A
  • includes Chorion, Allantois, and Chorioallantoic membrane
20
Q

Chorion

A
  • holds allantois, amnion, embryo, yolk sac
21
Q

Allantois

A

within chorion, nitrogenous waste within allantois

22
Q

Chorionallantoic membrane

A
23
Q

How does copulation typically occur?

A
  • involves touching cloacas together
  • examples: often male mounting on top, female flamingos head stay under water during copulation, Northern Goshawks average 500 to 600 copulations per clutch

Ornithology Final Exam (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions