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11th Grade Chem > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q
  • gas particles travel in straight lines unless they collide with other particles or the wall of the container
  • Gas particles have negligible volume compared to the free space between them
  • Molecular collisions are perfectly elastic and kinetic energy is conserved
  • there are no attractive or repulsive forces between particles or a gas
  • the average kinetic energy of the particles is proportioned to the absolute temperature
    What does this describe
A

Kinetic molecular theory of matter

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2
Q

Kinetic theory of liquids describes what

A

*Particles will have less kinetic energy then gaseous state
* Particles have been reduced in kinetic energy and are close enough to form intermolecular forces

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3
Q

What are 4 properties of water

A

*Definite volume no definite shape
* High density ( 1000x more dense than gas phase)
* Relatively incompressible
* Diffusion

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4
Q

Is water polar or non polar

A

Polar

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5
Q

7 Properties of water

A

*Polar
* Excellent solvent
* High heat capacity and heat vaporization
* Has cohesive and adhesive properties
* Capillary action attraction between surfaces of a liquid
* Less dense as a solid then a liquid

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6
Q

What theory consists of small particles that vibrate around fixed positions and have intermolecular forces that are very Strong and the particles are more orderedml.

A

Kinetic theory for solids

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7
Q

What are the 6 properties of solids

A

*Definite shape and volume
* No - fluid
* High density
* Incompressible
* Slow rate of diffusion
* Definite melting pointn

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8
Q

What are Crystals definition and traits

A
  • all true solids are made of crystals
  • Composed of repeating orderly basic structures called unit cells
  • Crystal lattice the total 3-d arrangement of the particles of a crystal
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9
Q

There are 4 types of crystals what are they

A

*Covalent network
* Metallic Crystals
* Ionic
*Covalent molecular

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10
Q

What is a covalent network solid ?

A

*The entire network is held together by covalent bonds, not intermolecular forces
* Every hard crystal
* Very high melting point
* Does not dissolve in water
*May conduct electricity in solid state ( graphite )
* entire crystal is the molecule

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11
Q

Describe a metallic solid

A

*Positive ions surrounded by a sea of electrons ( non directional bond)

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12
Q

What is a non directional bond

A

These bonds are responsible for unique properties of metal
* good conductor
* malleable / ductile
* Shiny
* Ex. Copper, silver, steel

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13
Q

Ionic solids have 6 traits what are they

A

*Held together by (+)(-) charges
* Soluble in water
* Conduct electricity in the solution or when melted
* High melting points
* Entire crystal is the molecule
* Brittle crystals structure that leaves along a plane
* Ex. NaCl, Ca, F2

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14
Q

Describe the 4 traits of covalent molecular solids

A
  • may dissolve in water
  • Do not conduct electricity in solid or aqueous state
  • have lower melting points
  • can be either polar or non polar depending on the intermolecular forces present
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15
Q

Describe the two traits of non polar covalent molecular solids

A
  • made up for no polar covalent molecules
  • Held together by only London dispersion forces
  • Ex, I2
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16
Q

Describe the 4 traits of polar covalent molecular solids

A
  • polar
  • Made up of polar covalent molecules
  • Held together by dipole - dipole attractions
    Or hydrogen bonding ( along with long dispersion forces )
    Ex, H2O, NH3,( ammonia)
17
Q

Amorphous solids have three traits what are they

A
  • have no true crystal structure
  • Have no definite melting point
  • Ex, butter, glass, plastic
18
Q

Dynamic equilibrium has two categoric parts what are they

A

A. Chemical equilibrium
B. Phase Equilibrium

19
Q

What are the 3 points of dynamic equilibrium

A
  • State in which two opposing forces occur simultaneously at equal rates
  • No set change occur
  • called homeostasis for biological organisms
20
Q

What point is under chemical equilibrium

A
  • involves chemical reaction between reactants and products
21
Q

What are the 2 parts of points under phase Equilibrium

A

*Only occurs in a closer container
* Exists between solid, liquid, and gas phase of a substance

22
Q

What is liquid - vapor Equilibrium

A

Rate of evaporation and condensation are equal

23
Q

What is solid - liquid equilibrium

A

Ate of melting and freezing are equal

24
Q

What is solid vapor Equilibrium

A

The rate of sublimation and deposition are equally

25
Q

Temperature + energy = vapor

If the temperature is increasing what direction will it go?

A

Favors forward direction to remove excess energy

26
Q

Temperature liquid + energy = vapor
If the temperature is decreasing what direction will it go?

A

Favors reverse direction ( condensation) to replace the energy that was removed

27
Q

Is evaporation endothermic or exothermic

A

Endothermic

28
Q

Is condensation endothermic or exothermic

A

Exothermic

29
Q

Liquid + energy = vapor
If the pressure increases what direction will it go

A

It will go in reverse to remove excess vapor

30
Q

Liquid + energy = Vapor
If the Volume increases what direction will it go

A

It will go forward to replace the vapor

31
Q

Vapor pressure what is it

A

The presssure exerted by a substance at equilibrium

32
Q

A higher vapor pressure will lead to what?

A
  • weak intermol forces
  • low boiling point
  • ex: alcohol, gasoline, perfume
33
Q

A lower vapor pressure leads to what

A
  • strong intermolecular forces
  • High boiling point
  • Water, oil
34
Q

Phase change has three categories what are they

A

Melting point, boiling point, sublimation

35
Q

What is phase change melting point

A
  • the temperature and pressure at which solid becomes a liquid
36
Q

What is phase change boiling point

A

The temp and pressure at which a liquid and a gas are in equilibrium

37
Q

What is phase change sublimation

A

*Changing directly from a solid to a Vapor
* The temp at which the vapor pressure of the solid phase of a compound is equal to the total pressure of the gas phase with which it is in contact

11th Grade Chem (1 decks)

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