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Psychology 1101 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Psychology

A

Thoughts, feelings, and behavior influence and are influenced by social groups

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2
Q

social cognition

A

Mental processes people use to make sense of the social world around them.

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3
Q

Attitudes

A

a tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain person, object, idea, or situation. Out attitudes predict our behavior imperfectly because other factors (like external situations) also influence our behavior

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4
Q

Components of Attitudes: Cognition

A

” I think country music is better than any other music genre”

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5
Q

Components of Attitudes: Affect

A

” I like country music; it’s fun!”

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6
Q

Components of Attitudes: Behavior

A

“I buy country music every chance I get”

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7
Q

The Mere Exposure Effect

A

The more we are exposed to something, the more likely we are to like it.

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8
Q

Persuasion

A

Attempt to change another’s attitude via argument, explanation, etc.

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9
Q

What are the key elements of Persuasion?

A

the source of the message, the message itself, and the target audience

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10
Q

Elaboration Likelihood Method

A

Central route: content
Peripheral route: appearance and length of message

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11
Q

Actions Affect Attitudes: Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon

A

Aims at getting a person to agree to a large request by having them agree to a minor request first.

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12
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Discomfort arises when one’s thoughts and behaviors do not correspond.

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13
Q

Festinger’s Study

A

Sanford students were paid either large or small amounts to express enjoyment of a boring activity. Then many of the students changed their attitudes about the activity.

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14
Q

how to lessen cognitive dissonance

A
  • Change the conflicting behavior
  • Change the conflicting attitude
  • Form a new attitude to justify the behavior
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15
Q

Justifying Effort

A

Hazing rituals are an example of justifying effort.

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16
Q

Attribution

A

the process of explaining one’s own behavior and the behavior of others

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17
Q

Attribution: Dispositional (Internal)

A

“He’s such a careless driver. He never watches out for other cars.”

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18
Q

Attribution: Situational (External)

A

“He probably got caught in some bad traffic, and then he was late for a meeting.”

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19
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

20
Q

Social influence

A

Real or implied presence of others

21
Q

Conformity

A

changing behavior to match that of other people

22
Q

Asch Study

A

Participants were asked to select the line closest in line to length X. When cohorts gave obviously wrong answers, more than 1/3 of the subjects conformed and agreed with the incorrect choices. Depends on group size: 7 is optimal.

23
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

24
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

conforming because we want to be accurate

25
Q

Obedience

A
  • compliance due to the perceived authority of the asker
    0 request perceived as a command
26
Q

Milgram’s Obedience Study

A

An experiment by Stanley Milgram found that people will usually obey an authority, even if they might think what they are doing is wrong.

27
Q

Group Behavior: Social Facilitation

A

the positive influence of others on performance

28
Q

Group Behavior: Social Loafing

A

Social Loafing: the tendency for people to put less effort into a simple task when working with others

29
Q

Group Behavior: Deindividuation

A

in groups, people act more deviant and do things they would not normally do alone. Diffusion of responsibility.c For example, the riots and looting during 2020

30
Q

The Power of Social Roles: Social Role

A

social role: A pattern of behavior is expected of a person in a particular social position

31
Q

The Power of Social Roles: Stanford Prison Experiment

A

Philip Zimbardo’s study of the effect of roles on behavior. Participants were randomly assigned to play either prisoners or guards in a mock prison. The study was ended early because of the “guards’” role-induced cruelty.

32
Q

group polarization

A

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

33
Q

Groupthink

A

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

34
Q

Prejudice

A

Prejudice: Negative thoughts and feelings about a particular group/ individual due to their group membership

35
Q

Discrimination

A

Treating others differently because of prejudice

36
Q

Matthew Shepard

A

1 December 1976-12 October 1998, University of Wyoming; He was tortured and murdered near Laramie, Wyoming. He died from severe head injuries. The violence against Shepard was due to how the attacker felt about gays. It brought national and international attention to the hate crimes

37
Q

Social Roots of Prejudice

A

social inequalities, ingroup/outgroup bias, scapegoat theory, just-world phenomenon

38
Q

other-race effect

A

the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races

39
Q

realistic conflict theory

A

The idea that limited resources lead to conflict between groups and result in increased prejudice and discrimination

40
Q

AGGRESSION – biological influences

A
  • genetics: The male Y chromosome is a genetic marker
  • Frontal Lobe; Amygdala
  • serotonin levels
41
Q

Aggression: Learning Influences

A
  • social learning theory and social roles
  • media violence
42
Q

psychology of attraction

A

Proximity (mere exposure effect)
Physical attractiveness (Youth and Symmetry)
Similarity of attitudes and interests

43
Q

Romantic Love

A

physical arousal and cognitive appraisal

44
Q

compassionate love

A
  • equity
  • self- disclosure
  • positive support
45
Q

Bystander Effect

A

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Psychology 1101 (1 decks)

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