Chapter 12 & 14 Test Flashcards
22 Amendment
Ratified in 1951, this amendment limits the presidents to 2 terms
25 Amendment
Ratified in 1967 this amendment permits the vice president to become acting president if they are deemed disabled, and outlines how they can reclaim the job
Impeachment
The political equivalent of an indictment in criminal law prescribed by the Constitution, the house has the authority to impeach
Watergate
The events and scandal surrounding a break in at the democratic national committee headquarters in 1972 and the cover up of White House involvement, leading to Nixon’s resignation
Executive Orders
Regulations originating with the executive branch (Presidents can control bureaucracy)
Cabinet
A group of presidential advisors not mentioned in the Constitution (14 secretaries, attorney general, and others)
National Security Council
The committee that links the president’s foreign and military advisors.
Council of Economic Advisors
A 3 member body appointed by the president to advise them on economic policy
Office of Management and Budget
An office that prepares the president’s budget and also advises presidents on proposals from departments and agencies and helps review their proposed regulations
Veto
The constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to congress with reasons for rejection
Pocket Veto
A type of veto occurring when congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president and the president simply lets the bill die by neither signing nor vetoing it
War Powers Resolution
A law passed in 1973, in reaction to American fighting in Vietnam and Cambodia that requires presidents to consult with congress whenever possible prior to using military force and to withdraw forces after 60 days unless congress decides otherwise
Legislative Veto
A vote in congress to override a presidential decision
Crisis
A sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event requiring the president to play the role of crisis manager
Bureaucracy
A hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle, and behaves impartially
Patronage
One of the key inducements used by party machines given to people for political reasons
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Passed in 1833, an act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage
Civil Service
A system of hiring and promotion on the merit principle and to create a non-partisan government service
Merit Principle
The idea that hiring should be based on entrance exams and promotion ratings to produce administration by people with talent and skill
Hatch Act
A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan policies while on duty or for employees in sensitive positions and all times
Office of Personal Management
The office in charge of hiring for most agencies of the federal government using elaborate rules in the process
GS (General Schedule) Rating
A schedule for federal employees for GS 1 to GS 18, by which salaries can be keyed to rating and experience
Senior Executive Service
An elite cadre of about 9,000 federal government managers at the top of the civil service system
Independent Regulatory Commission
A government agency with responsibility for making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest in some sectors of the economy and for judging disputes over these rules
Government Corporation
A government organization that like a business corporations, provides a service that could be delivered by the private sector and typically charges for its services (US Postal Service)
Independent Executive Agency
The government agencies not accounted by cabinet departments
Policy Implementation
The stage of policy making between the establishment of a policy and the consequences of the policy for the people affected
Standard Operating Procedure
Procedures for everyday decision making endurable bureaucrats to bring efficiency and uniformity to the running of complex organizations
Administrative Discretion
The authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem
Street-Level Bureacrats
A phrase referring to those bureaucrats who are in constant contact with the public and have considerable administrative discretion
Regulation
The use of government authority to control or change some practice in the private sector
Command-and-Control Policy
The typical system of regulation whereby the government tells business how to reach certain goals, checks that these commands are followed and punishes offenders
Incentive System
An alternative to command-and-control, with market-like strategies such as rewards used to manage public policy
Deregulation
The lifting of government restrictions on business, industry, and professional activites
Executive Orders
Regulations originating with the executive branch, one method presidents can use to control the bureaucracy
Iron Triangles
Also known as sub-governments, as mutually dependent, mutually advantageous relationships between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees and subcommittees. Can dominate some areas of domestic policy making