Chapter 12 & 13 Flashcards
A type of reinforcement that occurs when the termination, reduction, or postponement of a stimulus contingent on the occurrence of a response leads to an increase in the future occurrence of that response
Negative reinforcement
A dependent or temporal relation between operant behavior and its controlling variables. If this…then that
Contingency
A contingency in which responding terminates a stimulus
Escape contingency
A contingency in which responding delays or prevents the presentation of a stimulus
Avoidance contingency
A rule that describes the contingency of reinforcement, or which behaviors will be reinforced and which will not
Schedule of reinforcement
A schedule that provides reinforcement for each occurrence of behavior - CRF
Continuos reinforcement
A schedule that withholds reinforcement for an occurrence of a target behavior - EXT
Extinction
A schedule in which some, but not all occurrences of a behavior are reinforced
Intermittent reinforcement
Boundaries for all schedules of reinforcement
Extinction (EXT) continuous reinforcement (CRF)
A lasting behavior change
Maintenance of behavior
Two types of intermittent schedules
Ratio and intermittent
Requires a number of responses before a response produces reinforcement
Ratio schedule
Requires a number of responses before a response produces reinforcement
Ratio schedule
Requires an elapse of time before a response produced reinforcement
Interval schedule
A schedule that requires a specific number of responses to be completed before a response produced a reinforce (i.e., FR1, FR3)
Fixed ratio
Little hesitation between responses; post-reinforcement pause; high rates of responding
Variable reinforcement
A schedule that requires a varying number of responses to produce a reinforcer
Variable ratio
A schedule that requires a varying number of responses to produce a reinforcer
Variable ratio (VR)
Consistent, steady rates of responding, high rates of response; no post-reinforcement pause
Effects of variable ratio schedules
Provides reinforcement for the first response following a fixed amount of time (FI 3)
Fixed interval (FI)
Post-reinforcement pause in the early part of interval; slow but accelerating rates of responding; moderate rates of responding
Effects of fixed interval
Provides reinforcement for the first occurrence of a response after a variable duration of time
Variable interval schedule (VI)
The process of moving from CRF to Intermittent reinforcement
Schedule thinning
2 or more contingencies operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors
Concurrent schedule
