Chapter 12, 13, 14 patton, nervous system Flashcards
<p>
| What is the role of the Autonomic nervous system?</p>
<ol>
<li>
Contains<strong> Afferent (sensory) </strong>and efferent (motor) components</li>
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Carries fibers to and from the autonomic effectors</li>
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Major function, to regulate heartbeat, smooth muscle contraction, glandular secretions, and metabolic functions, and to maintain homeostatic balance and react to threats to that balance.</li>
</ol>
<p>
| Divisions of the Autonomic nervous system</p>
<ol> <li> 2 efferent divisions</li> </ol> <ul> <li> sympathetic division</li> <li> parasympathetic division</li> </ul>
<p>
| Central Nervous system consists of ? what is it? what does it do?</p>
<ol> <li> Brain and Spinal Chord</li> <li> structural and functional center of the entire nervous system</li> <li> Integrates sensory information, evaluates it, and initiates an outgoing response</li> </ol>
<p>
| what is the Peripheral nervous system?</p>
<ol>
<li>
Nerves that lie in outer regions of the nervous system.</li>
<li>
cranial nerves originate from the brain,</li>
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spinal nerves originate from the spinal chord.</li>
</ol>
<p>
| Vagus nerve</p>
<ul>
<li>
often called pneumogastric nerve since it innervates both the lungs and stomach</li>
<li>
conveys sensory info about the state of the bodys organs to the CNS 80-90% if its fibers are afferent</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>
Vagus nerve contains Axons which emerg from or converge onto three nuclei of the medulla</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>
Dorsal Nucleus of vagus nerve - sends parasympathetic output to the viscera, especially the intestines</li>
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<strong>Nucleus Ambiguous</strong> - which sends parasympathetic output to the heart (slowing it down)</li>
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Solitary Nucleus - recieves afferent taste info and primary afferents from visceral organs</li>
</ul>
<p>
| Afferent division</p>
<p>
| Incoming sensory pathways</p>
<p>
| Structure of the Brainstem 3 points</p>
<ol>
<li>
Medulla Oblongata - lowest part, attaches to spinal chord. </li>
<li>
Pons - Located above medulla and below midbrain</li>
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Midbrain - Located above pons and below cerebrum, forms midsection of brain.</li>
</ol>
<p>
| Functions of the Brainstem</p>
<ol>
<li>
Performs sensory, motor and reflex functions</li>
</ol>
<p>
| Structure of Cerebellum</p>
<ol> <li> second largest part of brain</li> <li> located just below the posterior portion of the cerebrum</li> <li> gray matter = cortex, white matter = interior</li> </ol>
<p>
| Function of Cerebellum</p>
<ol> <li> compares motor commandsof the cerebrum with the information coming from the proprioceptors in the muscle</li> <li> acts with cerebral cortex to produce skilled movements by coordinating the activities of groups of muscles</li> <li> controls skeletal muscles to maintain balance</li> <li> controls posture</li> <li> processes sensory info</li> </ol>
<p>
| Diencephalon</p>
<ol>
<li>
Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain</li>
<li>
consists of several structures located around the third ventricle, Thalamus, hypothalamus, optic chiasma, pineal gland, and several others</li>
</ol>
<p>
| Thalamus</p>
<ol>
<li>
Major relay station for sensory impulses on their way to the cerebral cortex</li>
<li>
performs the following primary functions</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>Plays 2 parts in mechanism responsible for sensations</strong></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>
Impulses produce conscious recognition of the crude less critical <strong>sensations of pain, temp, and touch</strong></li>
<li>
Neurons relay all kinds of sensory impulses, except possibly olfactory to the cerebrum</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>
Plays part in the mechanism responsible for<strong> emotions</strong> by associating sensory impulses with feeling of pleasantness and unpleasantness</li>
<li>
plays part in<strong> arousal </strong>mechanism</li>
<li>
plays part in mechanisms that produce <strong>complex reflex</strong> movements</li>
</ul>
<p>
| Hypothalamus 7 points</p>
<ol>
<li>
several structures that lie beneath the thalamus</li>
<li>
regulator and coordinator of autonomic activities</li>
<li>
major relay station between the cerebral cortex and lower autonomic centers; crucial part of the route by which emotions can express themselves through changed bodily functions</li>
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synthesizes hormones secteted by posterior pituitary </li>
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Plays essential role in maintaining water balance</li>
<li>
some neurons function as endocrine glands</li>
<li>
crucial part of maintaining normal body temp</li>
</ol>
<p>
| Pineal Gland</p>
<ol> <li> involved in regulating body's clock</li> <li> produces melatonin</li> </ol> <p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p>
| Cerebral Cortex</p>
<ol> <li> Largest and uppermost division of brain</li> <li> left and right hemishpheres</li> <li> each hemisphere consists of </li> </ol> <ul> <li> Frontal lobe</li> <li> Parietal lobe</li> <li> temporal lobe</li> <li> occipital lobe</li> <li> insula (island of Reil)</li> </ul>
<p>
| Functions of cerebral cortex</p>
<ol> <li> different areas engage in one particular function</li> <li> somatic sensory</li> <li> somatic motor</li> <li> auditory area</li> <li> visual</li> <li> somatic senses</li> <li> motor functions</li> <li> consiousness</li> <li> language</li> <li> emotions</li> <li> memory</li> </ol>
<p>
| What is the direction of the information carried by the ventral root of a spinal nerve?</p>
<p>
| goes away from the CNS toward effectors (muscles and glands)</p>
<p>
| Mixed Nerves</p>
<p>
| Spinal nerves are called mixed nerves because they contain both motor and sensory fibers</p>
<p>
| dermatome</p>
<p>
| Skin surfaces supplied by the sensory fibers of a given spinal nerve</p>
<p>
| Phrenic nerve</p>
<p>
Exits the cervical plexus</p>
<p>
innervates the diaphragm</p>
<p>
| Connection between a myotome and a specific movement of the body</p>
<p>
| skeletal muscle or group of muscles that recieves motor axons from a given spinal nerve.</p>
<p>
| pathways found in the somatic motor nervous system</p>
<ol>
<li>
All the voluntary motor pathways outside the CNS</li>
<li>
peripheral pathways to the skeletal muscles which are the somatic effectors</li>
</ol>
<p>
| General function the nervous system performs for the body</p>
<p>
| communication</p>
