Chapter 1.2

Question 1

What is a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence?

Answer 1

Inference

Question 2

What is reasoning from evidence to a more specific conclusion?

Answer 2

Deductive reasoning

Question 3

What is a statement of fact in deductive reasoning?

Answer 3

Proposition

Question 4

What is a special type of proposition using an if/then statement (i.e. If there is thunder, then there is a thunderstorm nearby)?

Answer 4

Hypothetical proposition

Question 5

What is the scientific term for a conclusion statement?

Answer 5

Consequent

Question 6

What form of inference can be made when the consequent is false, so the antecedent must be false also?

Answer 6

Denying the consequent

Question 7

What is reasoning from specific evidence to a more general conclusion?

Answer 7

Inductive reasoning

Question 8

What is the ultimate purpose of inductive reasoning?

Answer 8

To determine cause and effect

Question 9

What is the method of induction in which two situations are the same except for one factor?

Answer 9

Method of difference

Question 10

Can inductive reasoning prove a hypothesis beyond all doubt?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

What term means that if you repeat the same experiment multiple times, you get the same results?

Answer 11

Repeatability

Question 12

What term means that others will reach the same conclusion by performing the same experiment themselves?

Answer 12

Reproducibility

Question 13

What fallacy is committed when someone assumes that a change in one factor causes a change in another factor, only becuase the second occurred after the first?

Answer 13

Post hoc fallacy

Question 14

What is anything that provides a partial representation of something else?

Answer 14

Model