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Biology 2401 > Chapter 11A > Flashcards

Chapter 11A Flashcards

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1
Q

Master controlling and communicating system of the body; communicate via chemical and electrical signals; rapid and specific; usually causes almost immediate response

A

The Nervous System

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2
Q

Functions of the Nervous System

A

Sensory Input, Integration, and Motor Output

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3
Q

Information gathered by sensory receptors, about internal and external changes

A

Sensory Input

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4
Q

Processing and interpretation of sensory input

A

Integration

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5
Q

Activation of Effector Organs produces a response

A

Motor Output

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6
Q

Muscles and glands that produce a response

A

Effector Organs

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7
Q

Brain and Spinal cord of dorsal body cavity; Integration and control center; Interprets sensory input and dictates motor output.

A

CNS (Central Nervous System)

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8
Q

Portion of nervous system outside of the CNS; Consists of nerves that extend from brain and spinal cord.

A

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

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9
Q

To and From spinal cord

A

Spinal Nerves

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10
Q

To and from brain

A

Cranial Nerves

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11
Q

The 2 functional divisions of the PNS.

A

Sensory Division and Motor Division

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12
Q

Consists of somatic and visceral sensory fibers

A

Sensory (Afferent) Division

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13
Q

Transmits impulses from CNS to effector organs (Somatic and Autonomic Nervous system)

A

Motor (Efferent) Division

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14
Q

Somatic motor nerve fibers; Conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscle; voluntary nervous system; conscious control of skeletal muscles

A

Somatic Nervous System

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15
Q

Visceral motor nerve fibers; Regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; Involuntary Nervous System (Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System)

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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16
Q

Mobilizes body systems during activity (fight or flight)

A

Sympathetic

17
Q

Conserves Energy; Promotes housekeeping functions during rest

A

Parasympathetic

18
Q

Small cells that surround and wrap delicate neurons

A

Neuroglia

19
Q

Excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

A

Neurons (nerve cells)

20
Q

Central Nervous System Cells and Tissue

A

Astrocytes; Microglial Cells; Ependymal Cells; Oligodendrocytes

21
Q

Peripheral Nervous System Cells and Tissue

A

Satellite cells; Schwann cells

22
Q

Most abundant, versatile, and highly branched glial cells; cling to neurons, synaptic ending, and capillaries; Support and brace neurons; play role in exchanges between capillaries and neurons

A

Astrocytes

23
Q

Can transform to phagocytize microorganisms and neuronal debris. Defensive cells in the CNS

A

Microglial Cells

24
Q

Range in shape from squamous to columnar; may be ciliated; cilia beat to circulate CSF; form permeable barrier between CSF in cavities and tissue fluid bathing CNS cells; Line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column.

A

Ependymal Cells

25
Q

Branches cells; Processes wrap CNS nerve fibers; forming insulating myelin sheaths thicker nerve fibers

A

Oligodendrocytes

26
Q

Surround neuron cell bodies in PNS; function similar to astrocytes of CNS

A

Satellite Cells

27
Q

Surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers; similar functions as oligodendrocytes; Vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers.

A

Schwann Cells (Neurolemmocytes)

28
Q

Structural units of nervous system; 100 years of more; Large, highly specialized cells that conduct impulses; Amiotic; High Metabolic Rate; continuous supply oxygen and glucose; Have cell body and one or more processes

A

Neurons

29
Q

Conveys nerve impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles and joints to CNS

A

Somatic Sensory Fibers

30
Q

Convey impulses from visceral organs to CNS

A

Visceral Sensory Fibers

Biology 2401 (2 decks)

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