Chapter 1.13 Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Friends Flashcards
What is the cell characteristics of Chlamydia and Rickettsia?
gram-negative
obligate intracellular parasite
What does an obligate intracellular parasite mean?
can only survive by establishing “residence” inside animal cell
What makes Chlamydia and Rickettsia energy parasites?
they use a cell membrane transport system that steals ATP from the host and gives off ADP
What is the difference in ATP production between Chlamydia and Rickettsia?
Rickettsia can can make ATP
Chlamydia can NOT
What is the difference between Chlamydia and Rickettsia and viruses?
Chlamydia and Rickettsia have both RNA and DNA
Viruses only have either RNA or DNA
Why is Chlamydia different that normal gram-negative bacteria?
does not have peptidoglycan layer
What infections does Chlamydia cause?
conjunctivitis, cervicitis, and pneumonia
What are the 2 forms of Chlamydia?
Elementary body and initial body
What are the characteristics of the elementary body of Chlamydia?
does not divide, dense, round, small, infectious
exists extracellularly
What are the characteristics of the initial body of Chlamydia?
also called reticulate body RNA content increases binary fission occurs synthesizes its own DNA, RNA, proteins *needs ATP from the host
What is the life cycle of Chlamydia?
a. elementary body attaches and enters columnar, mucus membranes of epithelial cells
b. in endosome, EB inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion and transforms into initial body
c. form many IBs and some change back into EBs
d. completed cycle when host cell liberates the EB which can infect more cells
What are the 3 species of Chlamydia that cause human disease?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia psittaci
Chlamydia pneumonia
What does Chlamydia trachomatis primarily infect?
eyes and genitals
What disease is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis?
Trachoma
What is trachoma?
type of chronic conjunctivitis that is the leading cause of preventable blindness (takes 10-15 years)
Who is most susceptible to trachoma?
poverty regions, underdeveloped countries
How is Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted?
hand-to-hand transfer of infected eye secretions
What is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the U.S.?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is inclusion conjunctivitis?
infection that babies delivered through the birth canal get from mothers infected with Chlamydia trachomatis
What is the clinical presentation of a baby with inclusion conjunctivitis?
conjunctival inflammation
yellow purulent discharge
swelling of the eyelids in 5-14 days after birth
What is the diagnosing factor for inclusion conjunctivitis?
intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
How does chlamydial pneumonia occur in babies?
babies that pass through infected birth canal
What is the clinical presentation of a baby with chlamydial pneumonia?
occurs between 4-11 weeks of life upper respiratory symptoms rapid breathing cough respiratory distress
How is a diagnosis of chlamydial pneumonia made?
presence of anti-chlamydial IgM antibodies