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COM MOD 2.2 Bacteria 1.2 > Chapter 1.13 Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Friends > Flashcards

Chapter 1.13 Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Friends Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cell characteristics of Chlamydia and Rickettsia?

A

gram-negative

obligate intracellular parasite

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2
Q

What does an obligate intracellular parasite mean?

A

can only survive by establishing “residence” inside animal cell

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3
Q

What makes Chlamydia and Rickettsia energy parasites?

A

they use a cell membrane transport system that steals ATP from the host and gives off ADP

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4
Q

What is the difference in ATP production between Chlamydia and Rickettsia?

A

Rickettsia can can make ATP

Chlamydia can NOT

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5
Q

What is the difference between Chlamydia and Rickettsia and viruses?

A

Chlamydia and Rickettsia have both RNA and DNA

Viruses only have either RNA or DNA

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6
Q

Why is Chlamydia different that normal gram-negative bacteria?

A

does not have peptidoglycan layer

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7
Q

What infections does Chlamydia cause?

A

conjunctivitis, cervicitis, and pneumonia

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8
Q

What are the 2 forms of Chlamydia?

A

Elementary body and initial body

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of the elementary body of Chlamydia?

A

does not divide, dense, round, small, infectious

exists extracellularly

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the initial body of Chlamydia?

A 
also called reticulate body
RNA content increases
binary fission occurs 
synthesizes its own DNA, RNA, proteins
*needs ATP from the host
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11
Q

What is the life cycle of Chlamydia?

A

a. elementary body attaches and enters columnar, mucus membranes of epithelial cells
b. in endosome, EB inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion and transforms into initial body
c. form many IBs and some change back into EBs
d. completed cycle when host cell liberates the EB which can infect more cells

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12
Q

What are the 3 species of Chlamydia that cause human disease?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia psittaci
Chlamydia pneumonia

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13
Q

What does Chlamydia trachomatis primarily infect?

A

eyes and genitals

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14
Q

What disease is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Trachoma

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15
Q

What is trachoma?

A

type of chronic conjunctivitis that is the leading cause of preventable blindness (takes 10-15 years)

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16
Q

Who is most susceptible to trachoma?

A

poverty regions, underdeveloped countries

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17
Q

How is Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted?

A

hand-to-hand transfer of infected eye secretions

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18
Q

What is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the U.S.?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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19
Q

What is inclusion conjunctivitis?

A

infection that babies delivered through the birth canal get from mothers infected with Chlamydia trachomatis

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20
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a baby with inclusion conjunctivitis?

A

conjunctival inflammation
yellow purulent discharge
swelling of the eyelids in 5-14 days after birth

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21
Q

What is the diagnosing factor for inclusion conjunctivitis?

A

intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

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22
Q

How does chlamydial pneumonia occur in babies?

A

babies that pass through infected birth canal

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23
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a baby with chlamydial pneumonia?

A 
occurs between 4-11 weeks of life
upper respiratory symptoms
rapid breathing
cough
respiratory distress
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24
Q

How is a diagnosis of chlamydial pneumonia made?

A

presence of anti-chlamydial IgM antibodies

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25
Q

What is urethritis?

A

infection of the urethra

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26
Q

What causes urethritis?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the most famous but not the most common
*Urethritis that is not caused by Neisseria honorrhoeae is called nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

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27
Q

What is the clinical presentation of symptomatic patient with NGU?

A

painful urination

thin to thick, mucoid discharge from urethra

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28
Q

How does the cervix appear when infected with Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

red, swollen, yellow mucopurulent endocervical discharge

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29
Q

What 2 bacteria can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseris gonorrhoeae

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30
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of a woman with PID?

A

abnormal vaginal discharge or uterine bleeding
pain with sexual intercourse
nausea
vomiting
fever
*most common symptom- lower abdominal pain

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31
Q

What is the PID shuffle?

A

small, widebased steps to minimize shaking of the abdomen

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32
Q

What is the Chandelier sign?

A

cervical motion tenderness that is so sever a patient leaps to the chandelier
*woman with PID

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33
Q

What are the results of PID?

A

fallopian tube scarring which can cause infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain

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34
Q

What is chlamydial epididymitis?

A

an infection in men with urethritis

35
Q

What is the clinical presentation of man with chlamydial epididymitis?

A

unilateral scrotal swelling, tenderness, and pain, associated with fever

36
Q

What is Reiter’s syndrome?

A

Inflammatory arthritis of large joints that is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis
Seen in men between 20-40

37
Q

What is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome?

A

infection of the liver capsule that is associated with chlamydial or gonococcal infection

38
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome?

A

right upper quadrant pain

can occur in men and women

39
Q

What is Lymphogranuloma Venereum?

A

sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

40
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with Lymphogranuloma Venereum?

A

painless papule (bump) or ulceration on genitals that heals –> enlarges lymph nodes over next 2 months that may break open and drain pus

41
Q

How are humans infected with Chlamydiophila psittaci?

A

inhaling chlamydia-laden dust form feathers or dried out feces

42
Q

Who is at risk for Chlamydiophila psittaci?

A

breeders of carrier pigeons, veterinarians, and pet-shop workers or poultry slaughterhouses

43
Q

What infection is associated with Chlaymdiophila psittaci?

A

atypical pneumonia called psittacosis that occurs 1-3 weeks after exposure

44
Q

What viruses cause atypical pneumonia?

A

Myoplasma pneumoniae and Chylamydophilia

45
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with atypical pneumonia?

A

dry cough, fever, less sick appearing

46
Q

What is the single species of Chlamydiphila pneumonia?

A

TWAR- TaiWan and Acute Respiratory

47
Q

How is Chlamydiphila pneumonia transmitted?

A

from person to person by respiratory route

48
Q

What infection does Chlaymdiphila pneumonia cause?

A

atypical pneumonia in young adults world wide

49
Q

What is the cell characteristics of Rickettsia?

A

small, gram-negative, non-motile, rod-to-coccoid shape bacterium

50
Q

How does Rickettsia differ from Chlamydia?

A
  1. requires arthropod vector
  2. replicates freely in cytoplasm (Chlamydia replicates in endosome)
  3. has tropism for endothelial cells that lines blood vessels (Chlamydia likes columnar epithelium)
  4. cause different diseases
51
Q

What symptoms does Rickettsia cause?

A

rashes, high fevers, and bad headaches

52
Q

What bacteria does Rickettsia share antigenic characteristics with?

A

Proteus vulgaris even though they have no relation in disease

53
Q

What bacteria is involved in a positive Weil-Felix test?

A

Rickettsia

54
Q

What is the common name for Rickettsia rickettsii?

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

55
Q

How does Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever occur?

A

a person is bitten by a deer rick or dog tick

*present within a week after bite

56
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a person with Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A

fever, conjunctival redness, severe headache, rash on wrists, ankles, soles, and palms which later spreads to trunk

57
Q

What disease does Rickettsia akari cause?

A

rickettsialpox

58
Q

How is Rickettsia akari transmitted to humans?

A

via mites that live on house mice

59
Q

What is the clinical presentation of rickettsialpox?

A

initail localize red skin bump at site of bite, the bump turns into a blister, and later a fever and headache develop, other blisters appear over the body

60
Q

What disease is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii?

A

epidemic (sudden onset and rapid spread) form of typhus

61
Q

What disease is caused by Rickettsia typhi?

A

endemic (constant existence of infection) form of typhus

62
Q

How is Rickettsia prowazekii transmitted to humans?

A

via lice

63
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a person infected with Rickettsia prowazekii?

A

epidemic typhus
abrupt onset of fever, headache 2 weeks after exposure
small pink macules on upper trunk and whole body
delirium and stuporous

64
Q

What is Brill-Zinsser Diesase?

A

Breakout of Rickettsia prowazekii from latent state

*milder (no skin rash) symptoms

65
Q

How is Rickettsia typhi transmitted to humans?

A

via rat flea

66
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with Endemic typhus?

A

fever, headache, flat and bumpy rash

67
Q

What disease is caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi?

A

Scrub typhus or Tsutsugamushi Fever

68
Q

Who is most susceptible to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi?

A

soilders in the South Pacific and in Vietnam

69
Q

How is Ricketsia tstugamusi transmitted to humans?

A

spread by the bite of larvae (chiggers) of mites

*mites live on rodents and larval chiggers live in soil

70
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with Scrub Typhus?

A

high fever, headache, and scab at original bite site

later, a flat and bumpy rash develops

71
Q

What is the clinical presentation of patient with Rickettsia parkeri?

A

fever, headaches, eschars (dead tissue), regional lymphadenopathy

72
Q

What disease is associated with Bartonella quintana?

A

trench fever

73
Q

What is trench fever?

A

louse-borne febrile disease from WWI

*louse is a parasite

74
Q

How is Bartonella quintana different from Rickettsia?

A

it is NOT an obligate intracellular organism

75
Q

How was trench fever spread?

A

in the trenches by the body louse

76
Q

What is the clinical presentation of patient with trench fever?

A

high fever, rash, headache, severe back and leg pains

*appeared recovery but then relapse 5 days later

77
Q

What disease is associated with Bartonella henselae?

A

cat-scratch disease

78
Q

How does cat-scratch disease occur?

A

following a cat bite or scratch

79
Q

What is the clinical presentation of cat-scratch diseases?

A

enlargement of regional lymph nodes, low-grade fever, malasie

80
Q

What disease is associated with Coxiella burnetti?

A

Q Fever

81
Q

What is the difference between Coxiella burnetti and Rickettsia?

A

Coxiella burnetti has an endospore form

82
Q

What are the unique characteristics of Coxiella burnetti?

A
  1. resistance to heat and drying
  2. extracellular existence (Chlamydia and Rickettsia must occur intracellularly)
  3. non-arthropod transmission
  4. pneumonia
83
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Q fever?

A

abrupt onset of fever and soaking sweats 2-3 weeks after infection

COM MOD 2.2 Bacteria 1.2 (4 decks)

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