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5th Grade Science > Chapter 11-weather And Water Cycle > Flashcards

Chapter 11-weather And Water Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

Atmosphere

A

The blanket of air surrounding earth

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2
Q

Troposphere

A

The layer of air closest to the earth’s surface

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3
Q

Air pressure

A

The weight of the atmosphere pressing down on earth’s surface

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4
Q

Local winds

A

Movements of air that result from local changes in temperature

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5
Q

Prevailing winds

A

Global winds that blow constantly from the same direction

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6
Q

How many layers are in the atmosphere

A

5

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7
Q

What are the layers of the atmosphere?

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, ozone layer, mesosphere, thermosphere

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8
Q

What is the troposphere made of?

A

Gases of the atmosphere, water, dust, and other tiny particles

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9
Q

Where does most of the earth’s weather occur?

A

The troposphere

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10
Q

What layer contains the majority of ozone?

A

Stratosphere

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11
Q

What does ozone do

A

Block harmful UV rays from the sun

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12
Q

Are there clouds in the stratosphere?

A

No, clouds are rare because the air is too dry

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13
Q

Where is the greatest air pressure

A

The closest area to the earth - at sea level

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14
Q

What is the atmosphere made of?

A 
Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 20%
Argon - 1% 
Carbon Dioxide-1%
Water vapor - 4%
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15
Q

How does the sun’s energy affect the early?

A

50% of energy absorbed by earth’s surface
5% reflected by earth’s surface
25% reflected by the clouds
20% reflected by the air

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16
Q

How is wind created?

A

Cool dense air sinks closest to the earth as warmer air rises. This move my of air masses creates wind

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17
Q

How do local winds arise?

A

Often occurs when there is a lake and the air is cooler over the water and moves toward the warmer land. At night time it reverses and air is cooler over land so the wind blows from land to water

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18
Q

What are prevailing winds?

A

Global winds all over the earth that always blow the same direction caused by uneven heating of large areas of the earth’s surface

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19
Q

What are the names of the prevailing winds

A

Polar easterlies
Northeastern trades
Prevailing westerlies
Southeastern trades

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20
Q

Water cycle

A

The process in which water continuously moves from the earth’s surface into the atmosphere

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21
Q

Evaporation

A

The process of a liquid changing into a gas

22
Q

Condensation

A

The process of a gas changing into a liquid

23
Q

Humidity

A

A measurement of the water vapor in the air

24
Q

Precipitation

A

Water that falls from the air to earth

25
Q

What are the steps of the water cycle

A
  1. Water vapor rises from the ocean
  2. Vapor mixes with dust particles in air
  3. Water vapor condenses into clouds
  4. Rain falls from clouds
  5. Water runs from the land into rivers that flow into the ocean
26
Q

Stratus clouds

A

Low in atmosphere, flat, cover the sky can get moderate rainfall and snowfall

27
Q

Cumulus clouds

A

Big puffy clouds usually indicate fair weather, but as it grows bigger rain can develop

28
Q

Cirrus clouds

A

Form high in the atmosphere in very cold air, mostly made of ice crystals, wispy

29
Q

Rain

A

Liquid water precipitation that falls from the sky

30
Q

Snow

A

Water vapor turns into solid Ice crystals inside a cloud

31
Q

Sleet

A

Forms when rain hits cool air and becomes partially frozen and partially liquid

32
Q

Hail

A

Liquid rain falls from a cloud and completely freezes in cold air creating dense ice cubes.

33
Q

Fog

A

Water vapor condenses near the ground forming a cloud at the ground level

34
Q

What factors affect the water cycle

A 
How close location is to equator
How close place is to the earth's poles
Shape of the land (mountains, valleys)
Coastlines
Temperatures
Air pressure
35
Q

Air mass

A

A large body of air that has the same temperature and humidity throughout

36
Q

Front

A

The border where two air masses meet

37
Q

Climate

A

The pattern of weather an area experiences over a long period of time

38
Q

How do you measure weather

A

Hygrometer and barometer

39
Q

Hygrometer

A

Measures humidity

40
Q

Barometer

A

Measures air pressure

41
Q

Anemometer

A

Measures wind speed

42
Q

Wind sock

A

Measures wind direction

43
Q

Wind. And

A

Measures wind direction

44
Q

What type of clouds bring precipitation

A

Cumulus clouds bring rain

Stratus clouds bring moderate precipitation

45
Q

What types of fronts are there?

A

Cold and warm

46
Q

How does a cold front form

A

Cold air mass moves under a warm air mass. The warm air mass is less dense and it is pushed up. This forms cumulonimbus clouds producing heavy rain and thunderstorms

47
Q

What kind of precipitation forms with cumulonimbus clouds

A

Thunderstorms and heavy rain

48
Q

How does a warm front form?

A

Warm air mass moves over a cold air mass. The warm air slides over the cold air. And forms a stratus cloud that causes long lasting rain or snow.

49
Q

What type of front creates cumulonimbus clouds

A

Cold front

50
Q

What type of front creates stratus clouds

A

Warm front

51
Q

What factors create weather in your town?

A

Local winds, temperature, time of day, season of the year

5th Grade Science (1 decks)

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