Chapter 11: Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic, 1800-1812

Question 1

James Monroe

Answer 1

5th president of the US. He was president during the Era of Good Feelings after serving the country as Secretary of State and Secretary of War.

Question 2

William Clark

Answer 2

Along with Meriwether Lewis, Clark helped lead the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1803 to explore the Louisiana Purchase. He was a soldier.

Question 3

Albert Gallatin

Answer 3

Longest-serving US Secretary of the Treasury. He was a member of the Democratic Republican party and led opposition of many of Alexander Hamilton’s treasury proposals. He served as SOT under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. He also studied the languages of Native Americans.

Question 4

Robert R. Livingston

Answer 4

A Democratic-Republican who helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase while serving as the US minister to Francce.

Question 5

Zebulon Pike

Answer 5

Explored the LA Purchase, discovering Pike’s Peak in CO, and exploring the area. Later served as a brigadier general in the War of 1812.

Question 6

John Marshall

Answer 6

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by John Adams. His court opinions helped lay the bases for US constitutional law and played a significant role in the development of the American legal system, making decisions that supported the strength of the federal government.

Question 7

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 7

A French military and political leader who rose to prominenc during the French Revolution and conquered much of Europe before his defeat in the battle of Waterloo. He negotiated the LA purchase.

Question 8

Aaron Burr

Answer 8

Third VP of the USA,he ran unsuccessfully for president and was elected VP under Jefferson. He was involved in a number of plots such as the succession of New England and to cede the West from the Union. He killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel, after which he fled to Europe.

Question 9

William Marbury

Answer 9

One of the midnight judges, and Marbury from Marbury v. Madison. A justice of the peace within DC, he sued Madison for not giving him his official judge papers in a supreme court case that helped define the boundary between the executive and judicial branches of government.

Question 10

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 10

1803: Supreme court course of Marbury (one of the midnight judges who wanted his job) and Madison (the guy that wouldn’t give him his judge papers) in which John Marshall established the Supreme court’s power of judicial review.

Question 11

James Madison

Answer 11

An instrumental player in the drafting of the constitution and the author of the Bill of Rights. He collaborated with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay to write the Federalist Papers. He later broke away from the Federalist party, instead forming the Democratic-Republican party with Jefferson, under whom he served as the Secretary of State. He was later elected as the 4th President of the USA.

Question 12

Tecumseh

Answer 12

[ (later) Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy which opposed the US during Tecumseh’s War and became an ally with Britain in the War of 1812.] He lost against William Henry Harrison (then serving as the governor of the Indiana Territory) in the battle of Tippecanoe and tried to unite the Indians in a pan-indian Confederacy.

Question 13

Tenskwatawa - “The Prophet”

Answer 13

brother of Tecumseh, he was an Indian medicine man who worked to united the Indian tribes against the sale of Indian lands to the US.

Question 14

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Answer 14

Slave that led the only successful slave revolt in history– Haiti.

Question 15

Samuel Chase

Answer 15

Justice of the supreme court whom Jefferson unsuccessfully tried to impeach; that ordeal established the precedent were presidents typically do not try to remove supreme court justices from their posts.

Question 16

Meriwether Lewis

Answer 16

An American explorer who helped lead the Lewis and Clark expedition under Jefferson. Their objective was to explore the LA Purchase and establish friendly relations with the Native Americans they encountered.

Question 17

Henry Clay

Answer 17

Faterh of the American System- an American economic plan which relied on a strong central bank, good transportation to support inter-state commerce, and protective tariffs to shield American industry. He was a War Hawk leading up to the War of 1812 and served as secretary of state under John Quincy Adams in what the Jeffersonians labeled as a “corrupt Bargain” and created the Whig political party.

Question 18

Sally Hemmings

Answer 18

Thomas Jefferson’s slave and mistress. Helped fuel the whisper war against him.

Question 19

James Wilkinson

Answer 19

Collaborator with Aaron Burr in the movement to cede the West from the US, but he betrayed him. He was a spy for the Spanish and was appointed teh Governor of the Louisiana Territory.

Question 20

Sacajawea

Answer 20

Indian woman who helped Lewis and Clark on their expedition. She often worked as a translator.

Question 21

patronage

Answer 21

A system, prevalent during the Gilded Age, in which political parties granted jobs and favors to to party regulars who delivered votes on election day. It was both an essential wellspring of support for both parties and a source of conflict within the Republican party.

Question 22

judicial review

Answer 22

the concept that the Supreme Court has the authority to interpret the constitution; established by Chief Justice John Marshall in the case Marbury v. Madison

Question 23

impeachment

Answer 23

charging a public official with misconduct in office

Question 24

impressmet

Answer 24

Act of forcibly drafting an individual into military service, employed by the British navy against American seamen in times of war against France, 1793-1815. Impressment was a contniual source of conflict between Britain and the US in the early national period.

Question 25

economic coercion

Answer 25

Jefferson’s idea of getting countries to do what you want without having to go to war with them by refusing to trade with them. Used before the War of 1812 with Britain and France.

Question 26

Macon’s Bill No. 2

Answer 26

Aimed at resuming peaceful trade with Britain and France, the act stipulated that if either Britain or France repealed its trade restrictions, the United States would reinstate the embargo against the non-repealing nation. When Napoleon offered to lift his restrictions on British ports, the United States was forced to declare an embargo on Britain, thereby pushing the two nations closer to war.

Question 27

War Hawks (1811-1812)

Answer 27

Democratic-Republican congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain. Largely drawn from the South and West, they accused the British of supporting Indian attacks against American settlements on the Frontier.

Question 28

three-fifths clause

Answer 28

Clause that counted each slave as 3/5ths of a person, which helped give the south a leg up in the House.

Question 29

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 29

Organized the federal legal system, establishing the Supreme Court, federal district and circuit courts, and the office of the attorney general.

Question 30

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 30

Passed by the departing Federalist Congress, it created sixteen new federal judgeships, ensuring a Federalist hold on the judiciary.

Question 31

Battle of Austerlitz

Answer 31

Battle that cemented French Napoleonic control over Europe.

Question 32

Orders in Council (1806-1807)

Answer 32

Edicts issued by the British crown closing French-owned European ports to foreign shipping. The French responded by ordering the seizure of all vessels entering British ports, thereby cutting off American merchants from trade with both parties.

Question 33

“Revolution of 1800”

Answer 33

Jefferson’s election to the presidency. Represented the first change of political party in American history (federalist –> Democratic-Republican). He didn’t really change that much stuff though.

Question 34

“midnight judges”

Answer 34

Federalist judges instated in the dying days of John Adam’s presidency by the Judiciary act of 1801

Question 35

Chesapeake Incident (Chesapeake Affair) 1807

Answer 35

Conflict between Britain and the US that precipitated the 1807 embargo The conflict developed when a British ship, in search of deserters, fired on the American “Chesapeake” off the coast of Virginia

Question 36

Embargo Act of 1807

Answer 36

Enacted in response to British and French mistreatment of American merchants, the act banned the export of all goods from the US to any foreign port. The embargo placed great strains on the American economy, while only marginally affecting its European targets, and was therefore repealed in 1809.

Question 37

Louisiana Purchase Treaty (1803)

Answer 37

acquisition of Louisiana Territory from France. The purchase more than doubled the territory of the US, opening vast tracts for settlement.

Question 38

Non-Intercourse Act of 1809

Answer 38

passed alongside the repeal of the Embargo Act, it reopened trade with all but the two belligerent nations, Britain and France. The act continued Jefferson’s policy of economic coercion, still with little effect.

Question 39

mosquito fleet

Answer 39

Jefferson’s tiny fleet of gunships, used in the Tripolitan War

Question 40

Tripolitan War (1801-1805)

Answer 40

Four-year conflict between the American navy and the North African nation of Tripoli over piracy in the Mediterranean. Jefferson, a staunch noninterventionist, reluctantly deployed American forces, eventually securing a peace treaty with Tripoli.

Question 41

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 41

Founding father and principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson served as the second-ever vice-president and our third president. He is considered the father of the democratic party and was in office for the LA purchase.