Chapter 1.1: The Human Organism Flashcards
Scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body
Anatomy
Study of the body systems (cardio, nervous, skeletal, muscular)
Systemic anatomy
Study of organization of the body areas
Regional anatomy
study of external features
Surface anatomy
involves usage of x-rays, ultrasound, etc
Anatomical anatomy
Deals with the processes or functions of living things
Physiology
involves how atoms interact and combine into molecules
Chemical level of organization
basic structural and functional units of organism / basic unit of life
Cell
Group of similar cells
Tissue
Composed of two or more tissues
Organ
Group of organs classified as units because of a common function
Organ system
Any living thing composed as a whole
Organism
Specific relationship of many individual parts of an organism
Organization
Ability to use energy to perform vital functions
Metabolism
Ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make adjustments
Responsiveness
Increase in size of all or part of the organism
- due to an increase in cell number, cell size, or amount of substance surrounding the cell
Growth
changes that an organism undergoes through time
Development
change in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized
Differentiation
Formation of new cells or new organism
Reproduction
maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body despite FLUCTUATIONS in either the external or internal environment
- Ability to maintain internal stability to compensate for environmental changes to function properly
Homeostasis
Effector increases the stimulus which causes more of the effector to be produced
- initial stimulus further stimulates the response
- deviation from the setpoint increases
ex: giving birth
POSITIVE FEEDBACK HOMEOSTASIS
Effector decreases the stimulus and causes the production of the product to be stopped.
- maintain homeostasis
- any deviation from the setpoint decreases
- does not prevent variation but maintains variation within a normal range
ex: body temperature
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK HOMEOSTASIS
