Chapter 11: The Cultural Environments Facing Business Flashcards
Acquired Group Memberships
An individual affiliation not determined by birth, such as religion, political membership, and profession
Ascribed Group Memberships
An individual affiliation determined by birth, such as gender, family, age, ethnicity, and race
Bicultural
a description of someone who has internalized two different national cultures
Core values
Values so strong that they are not negotiable
Cultural collision
a situation whereby contact among divergent cultures creates problems
cultural distance
A measurement based on cultural factors that indicate the relative similarity of countries culturally.
cultural imperialism
the imposition of one culture, more or less consciously, on other cultures
Culture
the shared values, attitudes, and beliefs of a group of individuals
Culture shock
The frustration resulting from having to absorb a vast array of new cultures cues and expectations
Deal-focus (DF) culture
A culture in which people are primarily task oriented rather than relationship oriented
future orientation
a willingness to delay gratification in order to reap more in the future
high-context cultures
Where most people tend to understand and regard indirect information as pertinent
Idealism
A preference to establish overall principles before trying to resolve small issues
Low-context cultures
where people generally regard as relevant only firsthand information that bears directly on the subject at hand
masculinity-femininity index
a construct measuring attitudes toward achievement and the roles expected of genders
Monochronic
a term to describe cultures in which most people normally prefer to work sequentially, such as finishing transactions with one customer before dealing with another
multicultural
description of someone who has internalized more than two national cultures
Peripheral values
Those values that are less dominant and more pliable than core values
Polychronic
a term to describe cultures where most people are more comfortable when working simultaneously on a variety of tasks (multitasking)
power distance
a measurement of employee preferences of interaction between superiors and subordinates
pragmatic
describes cultures in which people focus more on details than on abstract principles
Relationship-focus (RF) culture
A culture that puts dealings with friends ahead of business dealings
Reverse culture shock
the trauma of adjusting to one’s own country after having become partial to aspects of life abroad that are not options back home
silent language
the exchange of messages through a host of nonspoken and nonwritten cues
uncertainty avoidance
A country trait whereby most people feel uncomfortable with ambiguity
