Chapter 1.1: Subatomic Particles Flashcards
What is a proton?
A subatomic particle located within the nucleus of an atom that carries a positive charge.
What is an electron?
A subatomic particle found outside of the nucleus of an atom that carries a negative charge.
What is a neutron?
A subatomic particle found inside the nucleus of an atom that does not carry a charge.
What is an atomic mass unit?
A unit of measurement used to express the mass of an atom.
What does “amu” stand for?
atomic mass unit
What does the atomic mass number of an atom tell us?
The average number of protons and neutrons located in the nucleus of an atom.
What are isotopes?
Different versions of an atom that simply have different quantities of neutrons from each other.
What do we call atoms that have the same atomic number, but a different mass number?
Isotopes
What does the atomic number tell us?
Number of protons an atom has.
Where are electrons found?
Outside of the nucleus
What are electron shells?
Orbits around the nucleus where electrons travel
What are valence electrons?
The electrons found on the outermost orbit (electron shell) of the atom
What is a cation?
A positively charged atom
What is an anion?
A negatively charged atom
What happens to the charge of an atom as it gains more electrons?
Becomes negative
What happens to the charge of an atom as it loses electrons?
Becomes positive
Can any electron bond with other atoms?
No, only those electrons on the outermost shell interact with the environment.
Why do valence electrons interact so much with their environment?
Since they are farthest from the nucleus (and the attracting positve charge of the protons), the force of pull towards the nucleus is the weakest.
Which subatomic particles determine the charge of an atom?
Electrons
Which subatomic particles determine the atomic number?
Protons
Which subatomic particles determine the isotopes?
Neutrons
What is the mass number of an atom?
The number of protons + neutrons in a given isotope.
How do you find the number of neutrons of an atom on a periodic table?
Round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number.
Provide the following:
Atomic Number
Number of Protons
Mass Number
Atomic Mass
Number of Electrons
Atomic Number = 28
Number of Protons = 28
Mass Number = 58.693
Atomic Mass = 59
Number of Electrons = 31
Provide the following:
Atomic Number
Number of Protons
Mass Number
Atomic Mass
Number of Electrons
Provide the following:
Atomic Number: 12
Number of Protons: 12
Mass Number: 24.305
Atomic Mass: 24
Number of Electrons: 12
Provide the following:
Atomic Number
Number of Protons
Mass Number
Atomic Mass
Number of Electrons
Provide the following:
Atomic Number: 3
Number of Protons: 3
Mass Number: 6.94
Atomic Mass: 7
Number of Electrons: 4
Provide the following:
Atomic Number
Number of Protons
Mass Number
Atomic Mass
Number of Electrons
Provide the following:
Atomic Number: 8
Number of Protons: 8
Mass Number: 15.999
Atomic Mass: 16
Number of Electrons: 8
