Chapter 11: Society, Culture, and Reform, 1820-1860 Flashcards
utopian communities
creation of idea community in a fresh setting that became widespread during antebellum years
Shakers
one of the earliest religious communal movements, held property in common and kept men and women separate (no marriages or sex), died out by mid 1900s
Amana Colonies
Germans who settled in Iowa who belonged to religious reform movement Pietism, emphasized communal living, and continue to prosper
Robert Owen
Welsh industrialist/reformer who founded New Harmony in Indiana
New Harmony
secular experiment in Indiana, socialist community to help address inequity and alienation caused by Industrial Revolution, failed due to financial problems and disagreements among members
Joseph Henry Noyes
founded Oneida community in New York after a religious conversion
Oneida community
cooperative community in New York dedicated to perfect social and economic equality, shared property and marriage partners, criticized as a sinful experiment in “free love,” economically prosperous selling silverware
Charles Fourier
French socialist advocate for Fourier Phalanxes
phalanxes
people sharing work and housing in these communities, died out quickly
Horace Mann
leading advocate of the common (public) school movement
temperance
targeting alcohol as the cause of social ills
American Temperance Society
Protestant ministers and others concerned with drinking and its effects founded this society in 1826 to persuade drinkers to take pledge of abstinence
Washingtonians
formed in 1840 by recovering alcoholics, argued alcoholism was a disease that needed treatment
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
group that revived temperance movement in late 1870s once Civil War had ended
asylum movement
belief that inmates could be cured as a result of being withdrawn from squalid surroundings and treated to a disciplined pattern of life
Dorothea Dix
a former school teacher from Massachusetts, campaigned against treatment of mentally ill persons locked up with criminals
Thomas Gallaudet
opened a school for the deaf
Samuel Gridley Howe
opened a school for the blind
penitentiaries
new prisons that took place of crude jails
Auburn system
system in New York that enforced rigid rules of discipline while also providing moral instruction and work programs
public school movement
movement to establish free public schools for children of all classes
McGuffey readers
a series of elementary school textbooks used to teach reading and morality, extolled virtues of hard work, punctuality, and sobriety
American Peace Society
established in 1828 as a movement to abolish war, actively protested war with Mexico in 1846
American Colonization Society
transporting freed slaves to an African colony in Monrovia, Liberia
American Antislavery Society
radical abolitionist movement to put an end to all slavery, lead by William Lloyd Garrison, founded in 1833
abolitionism William Lloyd Garrison; The Liberator
advocated for immediate abolition on slavery in every state/territory without compensating slave-owners
Liberty party
antislavery political party founded in 1840, ran James Birney as candidate for president in 1840 & 1844
Frederick Douglass; The North Star
former slave advocating for both political and direct action to end slavery and racial prejudice
Harriet Tubman, Davide Ruggles, Sojourner Truth, William Still
helped organize the effort to assist fugitive slaves escape to free territory in the North or Canada
David Walker, Henry Highland Garnet
northern African Americans who advocated for slaves to take action themselves by rising up in revolt against their owners
Nat Turner
Virginia slave who lead a revolt in 1831 that killed 55 whites
